ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Multicomponent Intervention to Improve Maternal Infection Outcomes David Lissauer, Luis Gadama, Catriona Waitt, et al N Engl J Med Published November 19, 2025 Abstract BACKGROUND Maternal infection and sepsis are major causes of maternal death and severe illness worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Inconsistent implementation of evidence-based recommendations for infection prevention and management and delays in...

Articles Duration of the serological response and effectiveness of the inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis Joshua Nazareth, Neyme Veli, Daniel Pan, et al Lancet Microbe 2025; 6: 101136 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101136 Summary Background The protection provided by the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in adults can wane during a single influenza season. We aimed to assess...

Critical Care: Original Research Ceftriaxone to Prevent Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Resistome Assessment (PROTECT) David J. Gagnon, Kristin M. Burkholder, Alexandra J. Weissman, et al Chest 2025 Available online 28 August 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2025.08.007 Background Antibiotic prophylaxis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces ear...

Sepsis Phenotyping and Differential Response to Fluid Resuscitation In Sepsis Thu, 4 Sep 2025 Sepsis is a life-threatening, dysregulated immune response often leading to hypotension and multisystem organ dysfunction, with acute kidney injury (AKI) being the most common organ failure in critically ill patients. Traditional broad therapies for sepsis have largely failed due to the heterogeneity of the syndrome. Recent approaches focus on identifying biol...

Articles Rapid pan-microbial metagenomics for pathogen detection and personalised therapy in the intensive care unit: a single-centre prospective observational study Adela Alcolea-Medina, Luke B Snell, Gul Humayun, et al Lancet Microbe 2025; 6: 101174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101174 Summary Background Most clinical metagenomic studies do not provide rapid results, detect pathogens from all microbial kingdoms, or measure clinical impacts. ...

Articles The aetiology and prevalence of preoperative anaemia in patients undergoing major surgery (ALICE): an international, prospective, observational cohort study Suma Choorapoikayil, David M Baron, Donat R Spahn, et al Lancet Global Health 2025; 13: e2041-e2050 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00320-1   Summary Background Preoperative anaemia is a major risk factor for perioperative morbidity. Because iron deficiency is widely assumed to b...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Low-Tidal-Volume Ventilation and Mortality in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis of an International Observational Study Julian F. Daza, Doulia M. Hamad,bMartin Urner, et al Chest 2025; 168: 1141-1151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2025.06.042 External Link Abstract Background Low-tidal-volume ventilation (LTVV) improves outcomes in critically ill patients, but its impact in patients with acute brain injuries...

Articles Causal deep learning for real-time detection of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: derivation and validation in seven time-series cohorts Qin Zhong, Yuxiao Cheng, Zongren Li, et al Lancet Digital Health 2025; 7: 100901 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landig.2025.100901 Summary Background Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a complex complication substantially contributing to an increased risk of mortality. Effec...

Extracorporeal CPR for Refractory Cardiac Arrest In ICU Thu, 4 Sep 2025 Sudden cardiac arrest is a major global cause of death, with around 640,000 cases annually in the USA (350,000 out-of-hospital, 290,000 in-hospital). Survival remains low, typically under 10% for OHCA and 15–34% for IHCA, varying widely across countries. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), which uses venoarterial ECMO during refractory cardiac arrest, may restor...

Articles Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis GBD 2021 Global Sepsis Collaborators Lancet Global Health 2025; 13: e2013-e2026 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00356-0 Summary Background The global burden of sepsis, a life-threatening dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction, remains challenging to quantify. We aimed to comprehensively estimate the global, regio...