IMAGES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE Incarcerated Femoral Hernia Pratyaksha Rana, Hit Jivani N Engl J Med 2025;393: e2 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2500535 A 77-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. On physical examination, abdominal distention with tenderness was present in the left lower quadrant. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed herniation of a loop of ileum on the left side (Panel...

IMAGES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Irene S. Lee N Engl J Med 2025;393:72 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2416576 A 57-year-old man with hypertension presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of worsening shortness of breath. His oxygen saturation was 68% while he was breathing ambient air. He was confused and unable to speak. Physical examination was notable for diffuse crackles in both lungs. Tra...

JAMA Insights  March 5, 2025 Cardiac CT Calcium Score Peter Glynn, Sadiya S. Khan, Philip Greenland JAMA. 2025;333(16):1447-1448. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.0610 What Is Coronary Artery Calcium and the Cardiac Computed Tomography Calcium Score? Coronary artery plaque can consist of calcified and/or noncalcified material. Computed tomography (CT) can detect and measure coronary artery calcium (CAC) levels in calcified plaque,...

Viewpoint  Less Is More June 9, 2025 The Impact of Definitions of Disease on Overdiagnosis Kari A. O. Tikkinen, Alex L. E. Halme, Gordon H. Guyatt, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 9, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1727 The concept and definition of disease influences both clinical practice and public health. The World Health Organization has defined health but failed to define disease. ...

Viewpoint  May 27, 2025 Optimizing Safety for Patients Transferred From Intensive Care Units to General Medical Wards: A SIMPLER Approach Donald A. Redelmeier, Barbara Haas, William K. Silverstein JAMA Intern Med. Published online May 27, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1497 Most patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) survive.1 A patient, of course, does not return to health instantly even when vasopressors, ventilators, ...

Viewpoint  May 5, 2025 Nitrites for Urinary Tract Infection—Time to Say Goodbye? Jackson J. Stewart, Joan L. Robinson, Justin Z. Chen JAMA Intern Med. Published online May 5, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0973 The urinary nitrite test is a long-standing component of the dipstick portion of the urinalysis, but it is time to question its relevance in distinguishing urinary tract infection (UTI) from asymptomatic bacteriuria, and thus in ...

JAMA Insights  Communicating Medicine April 16, 2025 Communicating With Patients About Surgery Lauren J. Taylor, Emily B. Rivet, Muneera R. Kapadia JAMA. Published online April 16, 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.2195 Surgeons face specific challenges when talking to patients and families about surgery. Surgical problems often involve rapid decision-making with limited time for deliberation and require proficiency...

Medical News  March 28, 2025 7 Takeaways for Primary Care Clinicians From the Updated Acute Coronary Syndromes Guideline Linda Rodgers JAMA. 2025;333(16):1375-1376. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.2931 The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have published a new guideline for managing patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the first update since 3 related guidelines were released from 2013 to 2015. That ...

IMAGES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE Round Pneumonia Jhon Camacho-Cruz, Daniela Guerrero-Sanchez N Engl J Med 2025;392: e39 A previously healthy 4-year-old girl who was up to date on routine vaccinations presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of dry cough and fever. On physical examination, intercostal retractions and decreased breath sounds over the left lung were observed. Laboratory studies were notable for neutrophilic leukocytosis. A chest ...

JAMA Insights  March 17, 2025 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Sepsis and Septic Shock Timothy B. Kaselitz, Christopher W. Seymour JAMA. Published online March 17, 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.1983 Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a portable imaging tool used to guide clinicians in the rapid assessment of patients at the bedside. Because POCUS is noninvasive, radiation sparing, inexpensive, and allows for repeat examinations with evolving clinic...