ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Randomized Trial of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in Cardiac Surgery Fabrizio Monaco, Chong Lei, Matteo Aldo Bonizzoni, et al N Engl J Med Published June 12, 2025 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2504948 Abstract BACKGROUND Patients undergoing cardiac surgery often receive red-cell transfusions, along with the associated risks and costs. Early intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution (i.e., acute normovolemic hemodilution [ANH]) is a blood-cons...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Crossover Trial of Hospital-Wide Lactated Ringer’s Solution versus Normal Saline Lauralyn McIntyre, Dean Fergusson, Tracy McArdle, et al N Engl J Med Published June 12, 2025 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2416761 Abstract BACKGROUND Whether lactated Ringer’s solution is clinically superior to normal saline for routine intravenous administration of fluids is uncertain. METHODS In an open-label, two-period, two-sequence, cross-sectional, cl...

Editorial  Patient, Treatment, Outcome, Large Simple Trials of Common Therapies Kevin P. Seitz, Jonathan D. Casey, Matthew W. Semler JAMA Published Online: June 12, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.9657 Each year, as many as 20 million critically ill adults receive mechanical ventilation worldwide, and approximately 1 in 3 die before hospital discharge.1-3 For every patient receiving mechanical ventilation, the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) must b...

Original Investigation  April 10, 2025 Improving Empiric Antibiotic Selection for Patients Hospitalized With Abdominal Infection: The INSPIRE 4 Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial Shruti K. Gohil, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman, et al JAMA Surg. Published online April 10, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.1108 Key Points Question  Can computerized provider order entry (CPOE) prompts with patient-spec...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient Conservative Oxygen Therapy in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adult Patients: The UK-ROX Randomized Clinical Trial Daniel S. Martin, Doug W. Gould, Tasnin Shahid, et al JAMA Published Online: June 12, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.9663 Key Points Question  Does reducing exposure to supplemental oxygen by using a reduced peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo2) target of 90% ...

Benefit From Adjuvant Therapy With Corticosteroids in Community-Acquired Pneumonia In ICU Wed, 12 Mar 2025 Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalisation with high mortality. It can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, complicating treatment. Adjuvant corticosteroid treatment may help reduce excessive inflammation, which is linked to higher mortality.  While RCTs and a meta-analysis s...

Editorial  April 10, 2025 Electronic Stewardship Prompts—Exploring the Why Behind the What Shinya Hasegawa, Daniel J. Livorsi JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(4):e2512634. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.12634 Increasing antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat, and antibiotic stewardship is an important strategy for mitigating this threat.1 Antibiotic stewardship programs strive to improve patient safety by opt...

Original Investigation  April 16, 2025 Operative vs Nonoperative Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis in Older Adults With Multimorbidity Rachael C. Acker, Sara P. Ginzberg, James Sharpe, et al JAMA Surg. Published online April 16, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.0729 Key Points Question  Is operative or nonoperative treatment better for treating acute cholecystitis in older adults with multimorbidi...

Research Letter  Gastroenterology and Hepatology May 21, 2025 Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome Among Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Liver Disease Robert J. Wong, Jeyasankar Balasubramanian, Mary Panaccio, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(5):e2511816. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11816 Introduction The prevalence of chronic liver disease (CLD) is increasing,1,2 with alcohol-related ...

Update: Guidelines on Adult Critical Care Ultrasonography In ICU Tue, 4 Mar 2025 Critical care ultrasonography (CCUS) is a point-of-care tool used by clinicians to aid diagnosis, manage care, and guide procedures for critically ill patients. It has become widely adopted in critical care, but its impact on patient outcomes remains uncertain. This executive summary updates previous CCUS guidelines by comparing clinical outcomes with and without CCUS i...