Passive Leg Raising in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is typically quite low. Survival in OHCA is dependent on several factors, including the performance of early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the use of public automatic external defibrillators (AEDs), and the performance of high-quality CPR or the post-resuscitation care provided in the hospital. High-quality CPR that optimises car...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Abelacimab for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism Peter Verhamme, B. Alexander Yi, Annelise Segers, et al N Engl J Med 2021; 385:609-617DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2105872 Abstract BACKGROUND The role of factor XI in the pathogenesis of postoperative venous thromboembolism is uncertain. Abelacimab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to factor XI and locks it in the zymogen (inactive precursor) conformation. METHODS In this open-label, par...

FRISC Study: Fluid and Resuscitation Protocols in Sepsis-Induced Hypotension in Cirrhosis One of the most common causes of hospitalisation and mortality in patients with cirrhosis is sepsis and septic shock. However, despite the routine presence of this condition, there is very limited data on the choice of fluid and resuscitation protocols in sepsis-induced hypotension in cirrhosis. The Fluid Resuscitation in Sepsis Induced Hypotension ...

CORRESPONDENCE Randomized Trial of a Third Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Transplant Recipients Victoria G. Hall, Victor H. Ferreira, Terrance Ku, et al N Engl J Med August 11, 2021DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2111462 TO THE EDITOR: In organ-transplant recipients, the standard two-dose vaccination strategy for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has suboptimal immunogenicity.1 Both patients and health care providers have questioned whether a third-dose booster in t...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 398, ISSUE 10303, P843-855, SEPTEMBER 04, 2021 Inhaled budesonide for COVID-19 in people at high risk of complications in the community in the UK (PRINCIPLE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial Ly-Mee Yu, Mona Bafadhel, Jienchi Dorward, et al Lancet 2021; 398: 843-855 Summary Background A previous efficacy trial found benefit from inhaled budesonide for COVID-19 in patients not admitted to hospit...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Jamie Lopez Bernal, Nick Andrews, Charlotte Gower, et al N Engl J Med 2021; 385:585-594DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2108891 Abstract BACKGROUND The B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has contributed to a surge in cases in India and has now been detected acros...

Editorial August 31, 2021 Titrating Oxygen Therapy in Critically Ill Patients Martin Urner, Carolyn S. Calfee, Eddy Fan JAMA. Published online August 31, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9843 The development of oxygen therapy is one of the major advances of modern medicine. Oxygen therapy laid the groundwork for intensive care medicine as a specialty and has saved millions of lives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of patients survived due to p...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Physical Rehabilitation for Older Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure Dalane W. Kitzman, David J. Whellan, Pamela Duncan, et al N Engl J Med 2021; 385:203-216DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026141 Abstract BACKGROUND Older patients who are hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure have high rates of physical frailty, poor quality of life, delayed recovery, and frequent rehospitalizations. Interventions to address physical frailty in thi...

Original Investigation Caring for the Critically Ill PatientAugust 31, 2021 Effect of Lower Tidal Volume Ventilation Facilitated by Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal vs Standard Care Ventilation on 90-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The REST Randomized Clinical Trial James J. McNamee, Michael A. Gillies, Nicholas A. Barrett, et al JAMA. Published online August 31, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13374 Abstract...

Viewpoint July 30, 2021 The Increasing Role of Physician Practices as Bill Collectors: Destined for Failure A. Jay Holmgren, David Cutler, Ateev Mehrotra JAMA. Published online July 30, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12191 Through increasing deductibles, coinsurance, and co-payments, the privately insured population in the US is responsible for a larger share of health care out-of-pocket costs. Although many studies have examined the effects on pat...