Critical Care: Original Research Prophylactic Antibiotics in Adults With Acute Brain Injury Who Are Invasively Ventilated in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Kathryn Hadley-Brown, Laura Hailstone, Roisin Devane, et al Chest Available online 28 October 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.10.031 Background Lower respiratory tract infections are common in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in an ICU after an acute brain i...

Critical Care: Original Research Comparative Effectiveness of Albumin vs No Albumin on Renal Replacement Therapy and Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock and Renal Impairment Asad E. Patanwala, Alexander H. Flannery, Hemalkumar B. Meht, et al Chest Available online 18 October 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.10.012 Background Albumin infusions may be renally protective or harmful in patients with septic shock who have kidney impairment. This ...

Critical Care: Original Research Lower or Higher Oxygenation Targets in Patients With COVID-19 in the ICU: A Secondary Bayesian Analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 Trial Frederik Mølgaard Nielsen, Thomas Lass Klitgaard, Anders Granholm, et al Chest Available online 18 September 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.08.055 Background In the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 (HOT-COVID) trial, a Pao2 target of 60 mm&n...

Diffuse Lung Disease: Original Research BAL Fluid Cellular Analysis and Radiologic Patterns in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Amanda Grant-Orser, Michael Asmussen, Daniel-Costin Marinescu, et al Chest 2025; 167: 172-182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.166 Background BAL cellular analysis is often recommended during the initial diagnostic evaluation of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Despite recommendation for its use, ...

Critical Care: Original Research Physiologic Comparison of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation and Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in ARDS: A Randomized Controlled Trial Hongling Zhang, Yongran Wu, Ruiting Li, et al Chest Available online 17 September 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.08.050 Background The physiologic effects of different ventilation strategies on patients with ARDS need to be better understood. Research Question In patients with...

Critical Care: Original Research Mortality in Patients With Sepsis Treated With Esmolol or Landiolol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis Ryota Sato, Simone Messina, Daisuke Hasegawa, et al Chest 2025; 167: 121-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.08.020 Background The latest meta-analysis indicated potential survival benefits from ultra-short-acting β-blockers in patients with sepsis w...

Chest Infections: Original Research Effect of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the ICU: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial Xiaojing Wu, Ting Sun, Hangyong He, et al Chest Available online 25 July 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.144 Background Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was previously established as a method that can increase the path...

Critical Care: Original Research Incidence, Risk Factors, and Long-Term Outcomes for Extubation Failure in ICU in Patients With Obesity: A Retrospective Analysis of a Multicenter Prospective Observational Study Audrey De Jong, Mathieu Capdevila, Yassir Aarab, et al Chest 2025; 167: 139-151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.171 Background To our knowledge, no large observational study has compared the incidence and risk factors for extubation failur...

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Severe Pneumonia With Pneumocystis jirovecii Colonization: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study Yongpo Jiang, Xiaohan Huang, Huili Zhou, et al Chest 2025; 167: 54-66 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.140 Abstract Background For decades, the incidence and clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in patients with severe pneumonia was unclear. Research Question What are ...

A series of patients infected with the emerging tick-borne Yezo virus in China: an active surveillance and genomic analysis Ming-Zhu Zhang, Cai Bian, Run-Ze Ye, et al Lancet Infect Dis Available online 7 November 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00616-9 Summary Background Yezo virus (YEZV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen, which was initially reported in Japan in 2021. Only one patient had been reported in China so far. We aimed to describe t...