Humidified NIV vs High-Flow Therapy for Preventing Reintubation in Obese Patients In ICU Tue, 12 Nov 2024 Research on weaning obese patients from mechanical ventilation has shown mixed results. Early studies linked obesity to prolonged ventilation, while later research, after adjusting for BMI and other biases, found a protective effect, such as faster extubation with no increase in reintubation rates. A recent meta-analysis, however, excluded BMI as a...

Original Investigation  Nephrology January 3, 2025 Mortality Risk Prediction Models for People With Kidney Failure: A Systematic Review Faisal Jarrar, Meghann Pasternak, Tyrone G. Harrison, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2453190. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.53190 Key Points Question  What are the quality and clinical applicability of existing mortality prediction models for people with...

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody positivity on infection and hospitalisation rates in immunosuppressed populations during the omicron period: the MELODY study Lisa Mumford, Rachel Hogg, Adam Taylor, et al Lancet 2025; 405: 314-328 Summary Background In the UK, booster COVID-19 vaccinations have been recommended biannually to people considered immune vulnerable. We investigated, at a population level, whether the absence of detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 spik...

Research Malnutrition in infants aged 6-23 months in China’s poorest rural counties from 2016 to 2021: cross sectional study Junsheng Huo, Yangmu Huang, Jing Sun, et al BMJ 2024; 387 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-079499 (Published 28 October 2024)Cite this as: BMJ 2024;387:e079499 Abstract Objectives To assess trends and differences in child malnutrition by population subgroups among infants aged 6-23 months in China’s poorest rural counties. ...

Fibre-Supplemented Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients In ICU Tue, 12 Nov 2024 Critical illness often disrupts gut function, metabolism, and immune function, leading to malnutrition. Enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred for critically ill patients, but up to 75% face feeding intolerance, resulting in poor nutrient delivery and GI symptoms. Dietary fibre (DF) has health benefits, including supporting gut integrity and immune responses, which may...

Special Communication  Health Informatics January 3, 2025 Digital Health Technology Research Funded by the National Institutes of Health Pablo Cure, Thomas Radman, Jaime Mihoko Doyle, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2452976. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.52976 Abstract Importance  Digital health in biomedical research and its expanding list of potential clinical applications are rapidly e...

Original Investigation  Pulmonary Medicine January 3, 2025 Factors in Initial Anticoagulation Choice in Hospitalized Patients With Pulmonary Embolism William B. Stubblefield, Ron Helderman, Natalie Strokes, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2452877. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.52877 Key Points Question  What are factors associated with initial anticoagulation choice in hospitalized patien...

EDITORIAL The Emerging Threat of H5N1 to Human Health Michael G. Ison N Engl J Med Published December 31, 2024 Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) emerged in 1997.1 Since then, it has spread globally by migratory birds, resulting in infections in animals on every continent. HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b emerged in 2021 and resulted in fatal infections in poultry as well as terrestrial and marine mammals.1 In early 2024, influenza A infecti...

Population-health impact of new drugs recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England during 2000–20: a retrospective analysis Huseyin Naci, Peter Murphy, Beth Woods, et al Lancet 2025; 405: 50-60 Published Online December 12, 2024https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02352-3 Summary Background Health systems experience difficult trade-offs when paying for new drugs. In England, funding recommendations by the National Institu...

Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In ICU Tue, 12 Nov 2024 Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in critically ill, intubated ICU patients, contributing to high rates of mortality, morbidity, extended ICU stays, and increased healthcare costs. Preventing VAP is crucial for patient safety and healthcare sustainability.  A recent review explores non-pharmacological interventi...