Viewpoint  August 22, 2022 The Current Status of Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections Michael R. Wilson, Kenneth L. Tyler JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(11):1-2. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2287 The prime directive in diagnosing neuroinfectious disease is to answer 3 deceptively simple questions: (1) Is the patient infected? (2) If so, with what? (3) How do we treat the infection? Our ability to answer the first 2 questio...

Original Investigation  September 6, 2022 Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Among Post-9/11–Era Veterans Ian J. Stewart, Megan E. Amuan, Chen-Pin Wang, et al JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(11):1122-1129. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2682 Key Points Question  What is the association of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in veterans of the recent conflicts in ...

Original Research13 December 2022 Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System: A Population-Based Cohort Study Scott Dryden-Peterson, Andy Kim, Arthur Y. Kim, et al Ann Intern Med https://doi.org/10.7326/M22-2141 Abstract Background: In the EPIC-HR (Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for Covid-19 in High-Risk Patients) trial, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir led to an 89% reduction in hospitalization or death among unvaccinated...

Role of NO Pathway in Sepsis Sepsis and septic shock are accompanied by haemodynamic, microcirculatory and metabolic changes. These changes can lead to impaired tissue oxygenation, multiorgan damage and death. A common hallmark of sepsis is reduced blood pressure. An increase in nitric oxide (NO) because of inflammation can contribute to vasodilation. On the other hand, a decrease in NO can induce microvascular dysfunction.  There is a hypothesis that ...

Original Investigation  September 18, 2022 Routine Ultrasonography Guidance for Femoral Vascular Access for Cardiac ProceduresThe UNIVERSAL Randomized Clinical Trial Sanjit S. Jolly, Sulaiman AlRashidi, Marc-André d’Entremont, et al JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(11):1110-1118. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2022.3399 Key Points Question  Does routine ultrasonography guidance for femoral arterial access for cardiac procedures reduce bleeding or vascular com...

Editorial  November 28, 2022 Autoimmune Encephalitis—Misdiagnosis, Misconceptions, and How to Avoid Them Josep Dalmau, Francesc Graus JAMA Neurol. Published online November 28, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4154 The autoimmune encephalitides (AEs) are a group of immune-mediated brain diseases that frequently associate with pathogenic antibodies against neuronal or glial proteins. There are now more than 20 AEs described that individually ...

Original Investigation  September 19, 2022 Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for New-Onset Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The RINOMAX Randomized Clinical Trial Fredrik Piehl, Ann Eriksson-Dufva, Anna Budzianowska, et al JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(11):1105-1112. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2887 Key Points Question  Is a single infusion with rituximab associated with greater probability of having minimal disease manifestations at 4 months in recent...

Invited Commentary  November 30, 2022 Nationwide Variation of Care for Patients With Bleeding Pelvic Fracture—An Opportunity to Rescue Better? Lydia R. Maurer, Haytham M. Kaafarani JAMA Surg. Published online November 30, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5778 Most studies in the trauma literature have examined the mortality of all patients with pelvic fractures, estimating it at around 10%.1,2 In this nationwide study, Anand and colleagues3&nb...

Original Investigation  November 28, 2022 Autoimmune Encephalitis Misdiagnosis in Adults Eoin P. Flanagan, Michael D. Geschwind, A. Sebastian Lopez-Chiriboga, et al JAMA Neurol. Published online November 28, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4251 Question  What diseases are misdiagnosed as autoimmune encephalitis and which factors contribute to misdiagnosis? Findings  In this case series of 107 outpatients misdiagnosed ...

Original Investigation  November 2, 2022 Electroacupuncture vs Sham Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Postoperative Ileus After Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial Yu Wang, Jing-Wen Yang, Shi-Yan Yan, et al JAMA Surg. Published online November 2, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5674 Key Points Question  In the current medical practice adopting the Enhanced Recovery After Surge...