CHEST INFECTIONS: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 165, ISSUE 1, P68-78, JANUARY 2024 Comparative Effectiveness of First-Line and Alternative Antibiotic Regimens in Hospitalized Patients With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study Anthony D. Bai, Siddhartha Srivastava, Benjamin K.C. Wong, et al Chest 2024; 165: 68-78 Published: August 10, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.008 Background There are several...

ICU Management & Practice, Volume 23 - Issue 4, 2023 Transforming a PICU in the Digital Age Digitalisation is ultimately the driving force behind digital transformation. It will take us from a reactive healthcare system to a proactive one that focuses on prediction and prevention. Introduction The digital transformation has left a few things untouched in recent years, radically changing healthcare management for citizens, professionals, and public hea...

Research Letter  Health Care Policy and Law January 2, 2024 Automated External Defibrillator Use After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest at Recreational Facilities Ahmed A. Kolkailah, Paul S. Chan, Qiang Li, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online January 2, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.7248 Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during exercise is often due to a ventricular arrhythmia for which prompt defibrillation from an automated ...

CHEST COMMENTARY| VOLUME 165, ISSUE 1, P16-18, JANUARY 2024Download Full Issue Upcoming Clinical Trials in Critical Care, Diffuse Lung Disease, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, and Thoracic Oncology in 2024 Adam Edward Lang, Michael N. Kammer, Aravind Menon, et al Chest 2024; 165: 16-18 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.029 Abbreviations:  CTEPH (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension), IPF(idiopathic pulmonary f...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 24, ISSUE 1, P36-45, JANUARY 2024 Antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir versus ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, phase 2, randomised, controlled, adaptive trial William H K Schilling, Podjanee Jittamala, James A Watson, et al Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 36-45 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00493-0 Summary Background Molnupiravir and ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelv...

American Thoracic Society Guideline Update for Patients with ARDS ARDS is a life-threatening respiratory failure characterised by acute hypoxaemia and bilateral radiographic infiltrates. The definition of ARDS has evolved over 50 years, with recent suggestions to include intubated and non-intubated patients. Management remains largely supportive, focusing on strategies to limit lung injury, but high mortality rates persist, and survivors often face long-term impair...

Original Investigation  November 22, 2023 Risk of Mortality Following Surgery in Patients With a Previous Cardiovascular Event Christos V. Chalitsios, Matthew S. Luney, William A. Lindsay, et al JAMA Surg. Published online November 22, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.5951 Key Points Question  Is the time elapsed since a cardiovascular event associated with an increased risk of mortality in patie...

Editorial  January 21, 2024 Transitioning From SIRS to Phoenix With the Updated Pediatric Sepsis Criteria: The Difficult Task of Simplifying the Complex Roberto Jabornisky, Nathan Kuppermann, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas JAMA. Published online January 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27988 Everyone must acknowledge the difficulty of distinguishing diseases…whoever denies this may as well deny that there is such a thing as medical art. Wi...

Original Investigation  December 20, 2023 Preoperative Midazolam and Patient-Centered Outcomes of Older Patients: The I-PROMOTE Randomized Clinical Trial Ana Kowark, András P. Keszei, Gerhard Schneider, et al JAMA Surg. Published online December 20, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6479 Key Points Question  Is global perioperative patient satisfaction different in older patients administered preo...

Research Letter  December 27, 2023 Affiliation Bias in Peer Review of Abstracts by a Large Language Model Dario von Wedel; Rico A. Schmitt; Moritz Thiele; et al JAMA. Published online December 27, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24641 Ever-increasing numbers of submitted manuscripts put the academic publishing system and its human peer reviewers under pressure.1 Researchers have started to use large language models (LLMs) as support for writ...