ARTICLES| VOLUME 24, ISSUE 1, P36-45, JANUARY 2024 Antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir versus ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, phase 2, randomised, controlled, adaptive trial William H K Schilling, Podjanee Jittamala, James A Watson, et al Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24: 36-45 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00493-0 Summary Background Molnupiravir and ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelv...

American Thoracic Society Guideline Update for Patients with ARDS ARDS is a life-threatening respiratory failure characterised by acute hypoxaemia and bilateral radiographic infiltrates. The definition of ARDS has evolved over 50 years, with recent suggestions to include intubated and non-intubated patients. Management remains largely supportive, focusing on strategies to limit lung injury, but high mortality rates persist, and survivors often face long-term impair...

Original Investigation  November 22, 2023 Risk of Mortality Following Surgery in Patients With a Previous Cardiovascular Event Christos V. Chalitsios, Matthew S. Luney, William A. Lindsay, et al JAMA Surg. Published online November 22, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.5951 Key Points Question  Is the time elapsed since a cardiovascular event associated with an increased risk of mortality in patie...

Editorial  January 21, 2024 Transitioning From SIRS to Phoenix With the Updated Pediatric Sepsis Criteria: The Difficult Task of Simplifying the Complex Roberto Jabornisky, Nathan Kuppermann, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas JAMA. Published online January 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27988 Everyone must acknowledge the difficulty of distinguishing diseases…whoever denies this may as well deny that there is such a thing as medical art. Wi...

Original Investigation  December 20, 2023 Preoperative Midazolam and Patient-Centered Outcomes of Older Patients: The I-PROMOTE Randomized Clinical Trial Ana Kowark, András P. Keszei, Gerhard Schneider, et al JAMA Surg. Published online December 20, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6479 Key Points Question  Is global perioperative patient satisfaction different in older patients administered preo...

Research Letter  December 27, 2023 Affiliation Bias in Peer Review of Abstracts by a Large Language Model Dario von Wedel; Rico A. Schmitt; Moritz Thiele; et al JAMA. Published online December 27, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24641 Ever-increasing numbers of submitted manuscripts put the academic publishing system and its human peer reviewers under pressure.1 Researchers have started to use large language models (LLMs) as support for writ...

Invited Commentary  December 13, 2023 Fertility, Family, and a Career in Surgery—Time to Change the Narrative J. Elaine Tang, Melina C. Vassiliou, Liane S. Feldman JAMA Surg. Published online December 13, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6397 Medical training usually falls within the window of optimal fertility for most trainees.1 Operating within the rigid confines of residency programs, the perceived realities of family planning can str...

Editorial  January 21, 2024 Context and Implications of the New Pediatric Sepsis Criteria Erin F. Carlton, Mallory A. Perry-Eaddy, Hallie C. Prescott JAMA. Published online January 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27979 Sepsis has been recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality for more than 2800 years.1 Derived from the Greek word sepo (σηπω, translated as “I rot,”), sepsis appears in writings of Homer, Hippocr...

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis  December 21, 2023 Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Diseases Marie M. Altenburg, Andrew M. Davis, Jeanne M. DeCara JAMA. Published online December 21, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23668 Guideline title 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease Release date December 13, 2022 Developer American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA)...

Original Investigation  December 26, 2023 Changes in Hospital Adverse Events and Patient Outcomes Associated With Private Equity Acquisition Sneha Kannan, Joseph Dov Bruch, Zirui Song JAMA. 2023;330(24):2365-2375. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23147 Key Points Question  How do quality of care and patient outcomes change after private equity acquisition of hospitals? Findings  In a difference-in-differences examination of 662...