Invited Commentary  May 8, 2024 Surgical Competency Assessment Using Entrustable Professional Activities Stephanie L. Nitzschke, Stanley W. Ashley, Gilbert R. Upchurch Jr JAMA Surg. 2024;159(7):809. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0815 This year the American Board of Surgery (ABS) endorsed the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs), a competency-based assessment tool, in all general surgery residencies.1 This represents the next step in a vis...

Original Investigation  Critical Care Medicine July 12, 2024 Barriers, Solutions, and Opportunities for Adapting Critical Care Clinical Trials in the COVID-19 Pandemic Deborah Cook, Shipra Taneja, Karla Krewulak, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2420458. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20458 Key Points Question  What barriers, solutions, and opportunities were associated with continuing crit...

Original Investigation  Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology July 9, 2024 Agreement of Different Drug-Drug Interaction Checkers for Proton Pump Inhibitors Massimo Carollo, Salvatore Crisafulli, Margherita Selleri, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2419851. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19851 Key Points Question  What is the level of agreement between the summary of product characteristics (SP...

Artificial Intelligence and Human Values In ICU Tue, 4 Jun 2024 Recent advancements in generative AI have produced large language models (LLMs) capable of writing persuasive articles, passing professional exams, and crafting empathetic messages. While their potential in medicine and healthcare is significant, concerns about their accuracy, reliability, and alignment with human values persist. These concerns include risks of confabulation and factual in...

Original Investigation  July 10, 2024 Prehospital Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Exsanguinating Subdiaphragmatic Hemorrhage Robbie A. Lendrum, Zane Perkins, Max Marsden, et al JAMA Surg. Published online July 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.2254 Key Points Question  Is it feasible to deploy prehospital zone 1 (supraceliac) partial resuscitative endovasc...

Original Investigation  Pediatrics July 5, 2024 Probiotics and Antibiotic-Induced Microbial Aberrations in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Thomas H. Dierikx, Anna M. Malinowska, Jan Łukasik, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2418129. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18129 Key Points Question  What is the effect of a multispecies probiotic on antibiotic-induced gut...

Original Investigation  May 8, 2024 Decision-Making Confidence of Clinical Competency Committees for Entrustable Professional Activities Kelsey B. Montgomery, John D. Mellinger, M. Chandler McLeod, et al JAMA Surg. 2024;159(7):801-808. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0809 Key Points Question  What factors are associated with variation in decision-making confidence of clinical competency committees (CCCs) for su...

In-Hospital Mortality as a Sepsis Quality Metric In Sepsis Sat, 1 Jun 2024 Sepsis is a major cause of death and disability and a key focus of quality measures for hospitals. In-hospital mortality of sepsis patients is often used for benchmarking by researchers and policymakers. For instance, in New York, sepsis regulations require reporting risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality, identifying hospitals with higher or lower than expected rates as high or lo...

Original Investigation  Public Health July 12, 2024 COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantines and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Norway Johanne H. Pettersen, Laurie J. Hannigan, Kristin Gustavson, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2422189. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22189 Key Points Question  How were stringent public health measures and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with me...

Original Investigation  Statistics and Research Methods July 8, 2024 Performance of a Large Language Model in Screening Citations Takehiko Oami, Yohei Okada, Taka-aki Nakada JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2420496. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20496 Key Points Question  How accurate and efficient is a large language model (LLM) for screening titles and abstracts for article inclusion in a systemati...