Invited Commentary  June 5, 2024 Travel Guide From the Brave New World of Artificial Intelligence Daniel E. Hall JAMA Surg. Published online June 5, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1645 Just over 1 year has passed since ChatGPT (OpenAI) burst onto the scene to become the fastest growing consumer software application in history.1 It was immediately obvious that large language models (LLMs) were extraordinarily powerful, but the scope, nat...

Editor's Note  June 3, 2024 Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes—A Difficult Path Forward Mitchell H. Katz JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 3, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.1208 Safe and effective treatments for preventing type 2 diabetes in persons at high risk for the disease are needed. In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, Ji and colleagues1 randomized patients with impaired glucose tolerance a...

Toward Greener Anaesthesia Practices: Mitigating the Environmental Impact In ICU Wed, 24 Apr 2024 Inhaled anaesthetics, including volatile hydrofluorocarbons like desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane, as well as nitrous oxide (N2O), have potent greenhouse gas properties, contributing significantly to global warming and ozone layer depletion. Despite efforts to mitigate their release through gas scavenging systems, these gases are ultimate...

Editor's Note  April 15, 2024 RSV Vaccination—The Juice Is Worth the Squeeze Tracy Y. Wang JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(6):611. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0219 In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, Woodruff et al1 present a cross-sectional study of patients 50 years and older who were hospitalized and tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reporting that 22% experienced an acute cardiac event, including acute exacerbation ...

Antibiotic Overuse in Newborns With Suspected Sepsis In Sepsis Wed, 8 May 2024 A recent study conducted by the University of Gothenburg involving over a million newborns in Sweden highlights a concerning trend: despite a notable decrease in the rate of sepsis among this group, the administration of antibiotics remains disproportionately high. The study, published in JAMA, highlights the need for a reevaluation of antibiotic use practices in newbor...

Invited Commentary  Pediatrics June 5, 2024 The Quest for Evidence on Time to Antibiotics in Children With Sepsis—Finding the Sweet Spot Nora Luethi, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Philipp Baumann JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2413926. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13926 Timely recognition and management of sepsis in children remains a major challenge in pediatric emergency care, where most patients with sepsis present. Avoiding delays in antimicro...

Adaptive Platform Trials in Critical Care In ICU Tue, 5 Mar 2024 Over the last fifty years, randomised clinical trials have advanced medical practice, particularly in critical care. These trials offer the most rigorous means of determining treatment effects, allowing for evaluating new and established medical interventions within ICUs. Despite their profound impact, clinical trials are challenging endeavours. They are costly, time-consuming, and com...

Viewpoint  June 5, 2024 Failure to Rescue as a Quality Measure in Sepsis Stephanie Parks Taylor, Marc Kowalkowski JAMA. Published online June 5, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6771 Successful initiatives like the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, with a focus on early diagnosis and treatment, have resulted in significant improvements in mortality for patients with sepsis. However, sepsis remains the leading cause of death and disability, present in 53%...

Decision-Making in the PICU: Ethical Aspects in Paediatric Critical Patients In ICU Fri, 19 Apr 2024 This article highlights some particularities to be considered when making decisions in paediatric ICUs and the role of parents (or legal guardians) and the physician in the dilemma involved in paediatric decision-making.   In these times, an ill individual is believed to be an autonomous moral agent to make decisions regarding their health. Decis...

Invited Commentary  Critical Care Medicine May 31, 2024 Sepsis Quality Measurement and the Fraying of the Safety Net Jeremy M. Kahn JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(5):e2412781. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12781 Hospitals in the US are increasingly subject to government regulations intended to improve the quality of care for patients with sepsis. Examples include the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services sepsis management bundle program (S...