Original Investigation  Orthopedics August 23, 2024 Tourniquet Use and Local Tissue Concentrations of Cefazolin During Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial Julien Montreuil, Michael Tanzer, Yu Ling Zhang, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(8):e2429702. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29702 Key Points Question  What is the effect of tourniquet application on local tissue concentrati...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Azithromycin to Reduce Mortality — An Adaptive Cluster-Randomized Trial Kieran S. O’Brien, Ahmed M. Arzika, Abdou Amza, et al N Engl J Med 2024;391:699-709 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2312093 Abstract BACKGROUND Twice-yearly mass distribution of azithromycin to children is a promising intervention to reduce childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization recommended restricting distribution to infants 1 to 11 months of...

Original Investigation | Caring for the Critically Ill Patient October 9, 2024 Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial Karen E. A. Burns, Jessica Wong, Leena Rizvi, et al JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20631 Key Points Question  What are the effects of alternative screening frequencies and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) techniques on the time to s...

Original Investigation  August 19, 2024 Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection: The HeLiX Randomized Clinical Trial Paul J. Karanicolas, Yulia Lin, Stuart A. McCluskey, et al JAMA. Published online August 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.11783 Key Points Question  Does tranexamic acid reduce red blood cell transfusion within 7 days of liver resection? Findings  In thi...

Original Investigation | Caring for the Critically Ill Patient October 9, 2024 Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: The SIRAKI02 Randomized Clinical Trial Xosé Pérez-Fernández, Arnau Ulsamer, María Cámara-Rosell, et al JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20630 Key Points Question  Does the use of a nonselective extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) device connected t...

Original Investigation | Caring for the Critically Ill Patient October 9, 2024 Effect of Tele-ICU on Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients: The TELESCOPE Randomized Clinical Trial Adriano J. Pereira, Danilo T. Noritomi, Maura Cristina dos Santos, et al JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20651 Key Points Question  Is an intensivist-led telemedicine-based strategy including daily multidisciplinary round...

Original Investigation｜Caring for the Critically Ill Patient October 9, 2024 Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial Fabio Silvio Taccone, Carla Rynkowski Bittencourt, Kirsten Møller, et al JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20424 Key Points Question  How does use of a liberal or restrictive strat...

Viewpoint  August 8, 2024 Leading Causes of Death in the US, 2019-2023 Farida B. Ahmad, Jodi A. Cisewski, Robert N. Anderson JAMA. Published online August 8, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.15563 The annual mortality burden, the causes of mortality, and the changes over time are key indicators of population change. In the US, mortality statistics are derived from death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics National Vital...

Transcatheter or Surgical Treatment of Aortic-Valve Stenosis Stefan Blankenberg, Moritz Seiffert, Reinhard Vonthein, et al N Engl J Med 2024;390:1572-1583 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2400685 Abstract BACKGROUND Among low-risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis who are eligible for both transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic-valve replacement (SAVR), data are lacking on the appropriate treatment strategy in routine clinic...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Temporal changes in SARS-CoV-2 clearance kinetics and the optimal design of antiviral pharmacodynamic studies: an individual patient data meta-analysis of a randomised, controlled, adaptive platform study (PLATCOV) Phrutsamon Wongnak, William H K Schilling, Podjanee Jittamala, et al Lancet Infect Dis Published: April 24, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00183-X Summary Background Effective antiviral drugs prevent h...