ORIGINAL ARTICLE Safety of Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV Christine M. Durand, Allan Massie, Ph.D., Sander Florman, et al N Engl J Med 2024;391:1390-1401 Abstract BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation from donors with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to recipients with HIV is an emerging practice. It has been performed since 2016 under the U.S. congressional HIV Organ Policy Equity Act and is currently approved for research only. The Departmen...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient December 10, 2024 Electronic Sepsis Screening Among Patients Admitted to Hospital Wards: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial Yaseen M. Arabi, Abdulmohsen Alsaawi, Mohammed Alzahrani, et al JAMA. Published online December 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25982 Key Points Question  Does electronic sepsis screening based on quick ...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient December 10, 2024 High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: The RENOVATE Randomized Clinical Trial RENOVATE Investigators and the BRICNet Authors JAMA. Published online December 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.26244 Key Points Question  Is high-flow nasal oxygen noninferior to noninvasive ventilation for rate of en...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient December 10, 2024 Early Restrictive vs Liberal Oxygen for Trauma Patients: The TRAUMOX2 Randomized Clinical Trial Tobias Arleth, Josefine Baekgaard, Volkert Siersma, et al JAMA. Published online December 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25786 Key Points Question  Does an early, 8-hour restrictive oxygen strategy compared with a liberal oxygen strategy in severely inj...

ARTICLESVolume 12, Issue 10P787-798October 2024 Inhaled colistimethate sodium in patients with bronchiectasis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: results of PROMIS-I and PROMIS-II, two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials assessing safety and efficacy over 12 months Charles S Haworth, Michal Shteinberg, Kevin Winthrop, et al Lancet Respir Med 2024; 12: 787-798 Summary Background Chronic lung infection with Pseudomo...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Shane W. English, Anthony Delaney, Dean A. Fergusson, et al N Engl J Med Published December 9, 2024 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2410962 Abstract BACKGROUND The effect of a liberal red-cell transfusion strategy as compared with a restrictive strategy in patients during the critical care period after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unclear. METHODS W...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient December 9, 2024 Biomarker-Guided Antibiotic Duration for Hospitalized Patients With Suspected Sepsis: The ADAPT-Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial Paul Dark, Anower Hossain, Daniel F. McAuley, et al JAMA. Published online December 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.26458 Key Points Question  Do critically ill adult patients hospitalized for suspected sepsis and treated w...

Aztreonam–avibactam versus meropenem for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (REVISIT): a descriptive, multinational, open-label, phase 3, randomised trial Yehuda Carmeli, José Miguel Cisneros, Mical Paul, et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2024 Available online 7 October 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00499-7 Summary Background There is a need for additional therapeutic options for serious infections caused by Gram-neg...

Adjunctive linezolid versus clindamycin for toxin inhibition in β-lactam-treated patients with invasive group A streptococcal infections in 195 US hospitals from 2016 to 2021: a retrospective cohort study with target trial emulation Ahmed Babiker, Sarah Warner, Xiaobai Li, et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2024 Available online 10 October 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00507-3 Summary Background Adjunctive clindamycin use...

Mechanisms and causes of death after abdominal surgery in low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the FALCON trial NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery Lancet Global Health 2024 online first September 05, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00318-8 Summary Background Death after surgery is devasting for patients, families, and communities, but remains common in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). W...