Critical Care: Original Research Lower or Higher Oxygenation Targets in Patients With COVID-19 in the ICU: A Secondary Bayesian Analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 Trial Frederik Mølgaard Nielsen, Thomas Lass Klitgaard, Anders Granholm, et al Chest Available online 18 September 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.08.055 Background In the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 (HOT-COVID) trial, a Pao2 target of 60 mm&n...

Diffuse Lung Disease: Original Research BAL Fluid Cellular Analysis and Radiologic Patterns in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Amanda Grant-Orser, Michael Asmussen, Daniel-Costin Marinescu, et al Chest 2025; 167: 172-182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.166 Background BAL cellular analysis is often recommended during the initial diagnostic evaluation of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Despite recommendation for its use, ...

Critical Care: Original Research Physiologic Comparison of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation and Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in ARDS: A Randomized Controlled Trial Hongling Zhang, Yongran Wu, Ruiting Li, et al Chest Available online 17 September 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.08.050 Background The physiologic effects of different ventilation strategies on patients with ARDS need to be better understood. Research Question In patients with...

Critical Care: Original Research Mortality in Patients With Sepsis Treated With Esmolol or Landiolol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis Ryota Sato, Simone Messina, Daisuke Hasegawa, et al Chest 2025; 167: 121-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.08.020 Background The latest meta-analysis indicated potential survival benefits from ultra-short-acting β-blockers in patients with sepsis w...

Chest Infections: Original Research Effect of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the ICU: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial Xiaojing Wu, Ting Sun, Hangyong He, et al Chest Available online 25 July 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.144 Background Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was previously established as a method that can increase the path...

Critical Care: Original Research Incidence, Risk Factors, and Long-Term Outcomes for Extubation Failure in ICU in Patients With Obesity: A Retrospective Analysis of a Multicenter Prospective Observational Study Audrey De Jong, Mathieu Capdevila, Yassir Aarab, et al Chest 2025; 167: 139-151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.171 Background To our knowledge, no large observational study has compared the incidence and risk factors for extubation failur...

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Severe Pneumonia With Pneumocystis jirovecii Colonization: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study Yongpo Jiang, Xiaohan Huang, Huili Zhou, et al Chest 2025; 167: 54-66 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.07.140 Abstract Background For decades, the incidence and clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in patients with severe pneumonia was unclear. Research Question What are ...

A series of patients infected with the emerging tick-borne Yezo virus in China: an active surveillance and genomic analysis Ming-Zhu Zhang, Cai Bian, Run-Ze Ye, et al Lancet Infect Dis Available online 7 November 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00616-9 Summary Background Yezo virus (YEZV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen, which was initially reported in Japan in 2021. Only one patient had been reported in China so far. We aimed to describe t...

Baseline characteristics of patients in the Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China): a multicentre prospective cohort study Jin-Fu Xu, Hui-Zhen Zheng, Hai-Wen Lu, et al Lancet Respir Med Available online 10 January 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00364-3 Summary Background Bronchiectasis is a disease with a global impact, but most published data come from high-income countries. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients w...

Associations between childhood trauma and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Brazil: a longitudinal, population-based birth cohort study Megan Bailey, Graeme Fairchild, Gemma Hammerton, et al Lancet Global Health 2025; 13: e309-e318 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00452-2 Summary Background The mental health consequences of exposure to childhood trauma have been little studied among adolescents in low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs), de...