ONLINE FIRST (FREE ACCESS) LATEST ARTICLES Original A consensus of European experts on the definition of ventilator-associated pneumonia recurrences obtained by the Delphi method: the RECUVAP study Gaillet A., Luyt C-E., Timsit J-F. et al. Shortening antibiotic therapy duration for hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: a causal inference model from the international EUROBACT-2 database Gajdos L., Buetti N., Tabah A. et al. ...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Efficacy of Baloxavir Treatment in Preventing Transmission of Influenza Arnold S. Monto, Klaus Kuhlbusch, Corrado Bernasconi, et al N Engl J Med 2025;392:1582-1593 Abstract BACKGROUND Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) rapidly reduces influenza virus shedding, which suggests that it may reduce transmission. Studies of treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors have not shown sufficient evidence that they prevent transmission to contacts. MET...

The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance Hatim Sati, Elena Carrara, Alessia Savoldi, et al Lancet Infect Dis 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00118-5 Summary Background The 2017 WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List (BPPL) has been instrumental in guiding global policy, research and development, and investments to address the...

Research Letter  February 12, 2025 Trends in Travel Time to Obtain Surgical Care for Rural Patients Cody Lendon Mullens, Reagan A. Collins, Nicholas Kunnath, et al JAMA. 2025;333(16):1453-1455. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.0447 Timely access to health care services is increasingly threatened for rural residents, with 151 rural hospitals closing between 2010 and 2024.1,2 Compared with nonprocedural services, provision of surgical care faces unique ongoing...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient Augmented Enteral Protein During Critical Illness: The TARGET Protein Randomized Clinical Trial Matthew J. Summers, Lee-anne S. Chapple, Amalia Karahalios, et al JAMA Published Online: June 11, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.9110 Key Points Question  Does augmentation of enteral protein improve outcomes in critically ill patients? Findings  In this cluster randomize...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Randomized Trial of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in Cardiac Surgery Fabrizio Monaco, Chong Lei, Matteo Aldo Bonizzoni, et al N Engl J Med Published June 12, 2025 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2504948 Abstract BACKGROUND Patients undergoing cardiac surgery often receive red-cell transfusions, along with the associated risks and costs. Early intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution (i.e., acute normovolemic hemodilution [ANH]) is a blood-cons...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Crossover Trial of Hospital-Wide Lactated Ringer’s Solution versus Normal Saline Lauralyn McIntyre, Dean Fergusson, Tracy McArdle, et al N Engl J Med Published June 12, 2025 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2416761 Abstract BACKGROUND Whether lactated Ringer’s solution is clinically superior to normal saline for routine intravenous administration of fluids is uncertain. METHODS In an open-label, two-period, two-sequence, cross-sectional, cl...

Original Investigation  April 10, 2025 Improving Empiric Antibiotic Selection for Patients Hospitalized With Abdominal Infection: The INSPIRE 4 Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial Shruti K. Gohil, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman, et al JAMA Surg. Published online April 10, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.1108 Key Points Question  Can computerized provider order entry (CPOE) prompts with patient-spec...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient Conservative Oxygen Therapy in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adult Patients: The UK-ROX Randomized Clinical Trial Daniel S. Martin, Doug W. Gould, Tasnin Shahid, et al JAMA Published Online: June 12, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.9663 Key Points Question  Does reducing exposure to supplemental oxygen by using a reduced peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo2) target of 90% ...

Editorial  April 10, 2025 Electronic Stewardship Prompts—Exploring the Why Behind the What Shinya Hasegawa, Daniel J. Livorsi JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(4):e2512634. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.12634 Increasing antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health threat, and antibiotic stewardship is an important strategy for mitigating this threat.1 Antibiotic stewardship programs strive to improve patient safety by opt...