Research Letter  Revisiting Minimum Case Volume Recommendations for Complex Surgery in Contemporary Practice Akash Kartik, Zhi Ven Fong, Chee-Chee Stucky, et al JAMA Published Online: October 8, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.17274 The volume-outcome relationship informs policies guiding complex cancer surgery—historically, higher case volumes were associated with better postoperative mortality.1 Consequen...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hypertonic Saline or Carbocisteine in Bronchiectasis Judy M. Bradley, Brenda O’Neill, Daniel F. McAuley, et al N Engl J Med Published September 28, 2025 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2510095 Abstract BACKGROUND Bronchiectasis guidelines are inconsistent with regard to the effectiveness of mucoactive agents, and their use varies geographically. Large trials are needed to assess safety and effectiveness. METHODS For this open-label, randomiz...

Original Investigation  Prophylactic Antibiotics for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis Connor Prosty, Dean Noutsios, Laurie-Rose Dubé, et al JAMA Intern Med 2025;185;(10):1194-1203. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.3832 Key Points Question  Are shorter durations (including 0 days) noninferior to longer durations of antibiotic prophylaxis ...

Original Investigation  Nephrology AI-Based System for Analysis of Electron Microscope Images in Glomerular Disease Pengcheng Ma, Jinbang Li, Zhengyu Zhang, et al JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(10):e2534985. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.34985 Key Points Question  What is the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) system for the analysis of kidney transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images for diagn...

Original Investigation  Medical Education Trainee-Physician Milestones Ratings and Patient Experience Surveys in Early Unsupervised Practice Jenny X. Chen, Deirdre Mylod, Yuezhou Jing, et al JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(10):e2536380. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.36380 Key Points Question  Are professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills Milestones ratings from the final 6 months of training as...

Original Investigation  Neurology Open-Label Placebos as Adjunct for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine: A Randomized Clinical Trial Julian Kleine-Borgmann, Katharina Schmidt, Linda Ludwig, et al JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(10):e2535739. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.35739 Key Points Question  Can open-label placebos (OLPs), administered without deception, reduce headache days or improve related outcomes in pa...

Articles A clinical decision tool including a decision tree, point-of-care testing of CRP, and safety-netting advice to guide antibiotic prescribing in acutely ill children in primary care in Belgium (ARON): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, controlled trial Jan Yvan Verbakel, Ruben Burvenich, Erinn D'hulster, et al Lancet 2025; 406: 1599-1610 Summary Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat. Many children with acute illness in ambula...

Original Investigation  Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Rapid Diagnostic Stewardship and Blood Culture Use in a Pediatric Medical Center Esther Vaugon, Cristina Costales, Zein Assad, et al JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(10):e2535580. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.35580 Key Points Question  Can restrictive diagnostic stewardship measures effectively reduce blood culture usage in a pediatric population? Fin...

Article A consensus immune dysregulation framework for sepsis and critical illnesses Moore, A.R., Zheng, H., Ganesan, A. et al. Nat Med (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03956-5 Abstract Critical care syndromes such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and trauma continue to have unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, with progress limited by the inherent heterogeneity within syndromic illnesses. Although numerous immune endoty...

A consensus blood transcriptomic framework for sepsis Scicluna, B.P., Cano-Gamez, K., Burnham, K.L. et al. Nat Med (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03964-5 Abstract Sepsis is a life-threatening condition driven by a maladaptive host response to infection. To establish a standardized blood transcriptomic subtype model, we aggregated blood transcriptomics data from two major sepsis cohorts: the Molecular Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Sepsis (MAR...