Original Investigation May 4, 2022 Effect of Early vs Standard Approach to Tracheostomy on Functional Outcome at 6 Months Among Patients With Severe Stroke Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: The SETPOINT2 Randomized Clinical Trial Julian Bösel, Wolf-Dirk Niesen, Farid Salih, et al JAMA. Published online May 4, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4798 Key Points Question  Among patients with severe ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke receiving mec...

ORIGINAL ARTICLEFREE PREVIEW Nasal High-Flow Therapy during Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation Kate A. Hodgson, Louise S. Owen, C. Omar F. Kamlin, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1627-1637DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116735 Abstract BACKGROUND Neonatal endotracheal intubation often involves more than one attempt, and oxygen desaturation is common. It is unclear whether nasal high-flow therapy, which extends the time to desaturation during elective intubation in childr...

Original Investigation Caring for the Critically Ill PatientApril 7, 2022 Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Following Extubation on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Critically Ill ChildrenA Randomized Clinical Trial Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Alvin Richards-Belle, Laura Drikite, et al JAMA. Published online April 7, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3367 Key Points Question  In critically ...

Original Investigation March 8, 2022 Association of Tropical Cyclones With County-Level Mortality in the US Robbie M. Parks, Jaime Benavides, G. Brooke Anderson, et al JAMA. 2022;327(10):946-955. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1682 Key Points Question  In the US from 1988-2018, were tropical cyclones associated with increases in county-level cause-specific death rates in subsequent months? Findings  In this retrospective observa...

ORIGINAL ARTICLEFREE PREVIEW Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss Deying Liu, Yan Huang, Chensihan Huang, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1495-1504DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114833 Abstract BACKGROUND The long-term efficacy and safety of time-restricted eating for weight loss are not clear. METHODS We randomly assigned 139 patients with obesity to time-restricted eating (eating only between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.) with c...

CORRESPONDENCE Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with Covid-19 at Home — A Pragmatic, Randomized Trial Kathleen C. Lee, Anna U. Morgan, Krisda H. Chaiyachati, et al N Engl J Med April 6, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2201541 TO THE EDITOR: Reports of silent hypoxia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have raised the question of whether patients should use pulse oximeters at home to measure oxygen saturation rather than relying on subjective dy...

CHEST INFECTIONS: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 161, ISSUE 2, P345-355, FEBRUARY 01, 2022 Risk Factors for Invasive Candida Infection in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Daniel O. Thomas-Rüddel, Peter Schlattmann, Mathias Pletz, et al Chest 2022; 161: 345-355 Background Current guidelines recommend empirical antifungal therapy in patients with sepsis with high risk of invasive Candida infection. However, ma...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Protection by a Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 against Omicron in Israel Yinon M. Bar-On, Yair Goldberg, Micha Mandel, et al N Engl J Med April 5, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201570 Abstract BACKGROUND On January 2, 2022, Israel began administering a fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine to persons 60 years of age or older. Data are needed regarding the effect of the fourth dose on rates of confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intramuscular AZD7442 (Tixagevimab–Cilgavimab) for Prevention of Covid-19 Myron J. Levin, Andrew Ustianowski, Stéphane De Wit, et al N Engl J Med April 20, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116620 Abstract BACKGROUND The monoclonal-antibody combination AZD7442 is composed of tixagevimab and cilgavimab, two neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that have an extended half-life and have been show...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 161, ISSUE 2, P392-406, FEBRUARY 01, 2022 Effects of Compliance With the Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) on Mortality Changes Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Sepsis: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study Sean R. Townsend, Gary S. Phillips, Reena Duseja, et al Chest 2022; 161: 392-406 Background US hospitals have reported compliance with the SEP-1 quality measure to Medicare since 2015. Finding an a...