ORIGINAL ARTICLE Clinical Spectrum of Children with Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Cause Chayarani Kelgeri, Michael Couper, Girish L. Gupte, et al N Engl J Med July 13, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206704 Abstract BACKGROUND Since January 2022, there has been an increase in reports of cases of acute hepatitis of unknown cause in children. Although cases have been reported across multiple continents, most have been reported in the United Kingdom. Investigations ar...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Fast multiplex bacterial PCR of bronchoalveolar lavage for antibiotic stewardship in hospitalised patients with pneumonia at risk of Gram-negative bacterial infection (Flagship II): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial Andrei M Darie, Nina Khanna, Kathleen Jahn, et al Lancet Respir Med Published:May 23, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00086-8 Summary Background PCR-based testing has transformed the management...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 10, ISSUE 6, P557-565, JUNE 01, 2022 Comparative vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time in US hospital administrative data: a case-control study Bill J Wright, Samuel Tideman, George A Diaz, et al Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10: 557-565 Summary Background Research suggests the protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines might wane over time, prompting consideration of booster vaccinations. Data on which vaccines o...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Case Series of Children with Acute Hepatitis and Human Adenovirus Infection L. Helena Gutierrez Sanchez, Henry Shiau, Julia M. Baker, et al N Engl J Med July 13, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206294 Abstract BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses typically cause self-limited respiratory, gastrointestinal, and conjunctival infections in healthy children. In late 2021 and early 2022, several previously healthy children were identified with acute hepati...

Original Published: 13 May 2022 Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial Adrien Bouglé, Sophie Tuffet, Laura Federici, et al Intensive Care Med 13 May 2022 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06690-5 Abstract Purpose Compared to long duration of antibiotic therapy, a short duration has a comparable clinical efficac...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial Cameron R Wolfe, Kay M Tomashek, Thomas F Patterson, et al Lancet Respir Med Published:May 23, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00088-1 Summary Background Baricitinib and dexamethasone have randomised trials supporting their use for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. We a...

Randomized Clinical Study of Temporary Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation in Difficult-to-Wean Patients Martin Dres,  Marcelo Gama de Abreu,  Hamid Merdji, et al Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 205, Iss 10, pp 1169–1178, May 15, 2022 Abstract Rationale: Diaphragm dysfunction is frequently observed in critically ill patients with difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of temporary transvenous diaphragm n...

Research Letter May 13, 2022 Risk of Infection and Hospitalization Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children and Adolescents in New York After the Emergence of the Omicron Variant Vajeera Dorabawila, Dina Hoefer, Ursula E. Bauer, et al JAMA. Published online May 13, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.7319 In the US, 12.3 million youth aged 18 years and younger were diagnosed with COVID-19 by April 7, 2022.1 Studies conducted before the Omicron variant...

COMMENT|ONLINE FIRST What a second booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines tells us Paul Loubet, Odile Launay Lancet Infect Dis May 09, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00282-1 Real-world studies have shown waning vaccine effectiveness against both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation within 2·5 months after a first booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, especially for the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. 1Several...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 GBD 2019 Human Resources for Health Collaborators Lancet 2022 Published: May 23, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3 Summary Background Human resources for health (HRH) include a range of ...