ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Routine sterile glove and instrument change at the time of abdominal wound closure to prevent surgical site infection (ChEETAh): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries NIHR Global Research Health Unit on Global Surgery Lancet Published:October 31, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01884-0 Summary Background Surgical site infection (SSI) remains the most common complicati...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Personalised cooler dialysate for patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis (MyTEMP): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial The MyTEMP writing committee Lancet Published: November 04, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01805-0 Summary Background Haemodialysis centres have conventionally provided maintenance haemodialysis using a standard dialysate temperature (eg, 36·5°C) for all patients. Many centres now use cool...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 400, ISSUE 10363, P1607-1617, NOVEMBER 05, 2022 Elective surgery system strengthening: development, measurement, and validation of the surgical preparedness index across 1632 hospitals in 119 countries NIHR Global Health Unit on Global Surgery, COVIDSurg Collaborative Lancet 2022; 400: 1607-1617  Summary Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 400, ISSUE 10363, P1597-1606, NOVEMBER 05, 2022 Helicobacter pylori eradication for primary prevention of peptic ulcer bleeding in older patients prescribed aspirin in primary care (HEAT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Chris Hawkey, Anthony Avery, Carol A C Coupland, et al Lancet 2022; 400: 1597-1606 Summary Background Peptic ulcers in patients receiving aspirin are associated with Helicobacter pylori inf...

EDUCATION AND CLINICAL PRACTICE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 162, ISSUE 4, P861-871, OCTOBER 01, 2022 High-Flow Nasal Cannula Reduces Effort of Breathing But Not Consistently via Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Robert D. Guglielmo, Justin C. Hotz, Patrick A. Ross, et al Chest 2022; 162: 861-871 Background High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy reduces the effort of breathing in patients with bronchiolitis, but the mechanisms are not understood...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Early Amino Acids in Extremely Preterm Infants and Neurodisability at 2 Years Frank H. Bloomfield, Yannan Jiang, Jane E. Harding, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1661-1672DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204886 Abstract BACKGROUND Whether higher parenteral amino acid intake improves outcomes in infants with extremely low birth weight is unclear. METHODS In this multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we ass...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 162, ISSUE 4, P796-803, OCTOBER 01, 2022 Comparison of Heart Rate After Phenylephrine vs Norepinephrine Initiation in Patients With Septic Shock and Atrial Fibrillation Anica C. Law, Nicholas A. Bosch, Daniel Peterson, et al Chest 2022; 162: 796-803 Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of sepsis. It is unclear whether norepinephrine, an α- and β-agonist, and phenylephrine, an α-...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 4, ISSUE 10, E668-E678, OCTOBER 01, 2022 Sex differences in clinical outcomes and biological profiles in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: a post-hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials Elizabeth R Volkmann, Donald P Tashkin, Richard Silver, et al Lancet Rheumatol 2022; 4: E668-E678 Summary Background Observational studies have shown that men with systemic sclerosis have an increased risk of...

Preliminary Communication  October 11, 2022 Effect of Paroxetine or Quetiapine Combined With Oxycodone vs Oxycodone Alone on Ventilation During Hypercapnia: A Randomized Clinical Trial Jeffry Florian, Rutger van der Schrier, Victoria Gershuny, et al JAMA. 2022;328(14):1405-1414. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.17735 Key Points Question  Do specific psychotropic drug–opioid combinations further decrease the ventilatory response to hypercapn...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 3, ISSUE 10, E762-E771, OCTOBER 01, 2022 Efficacy of different preoperative skin antiseptics on the incidence of surgical site infections: a systematic review, GRADE assessment, and network meta-analysis Hasti Jalalzadeh, Hannah Groenen, Dennis R Buis, et al Lancet Microbe 2022; 3: E762-E771 Summary Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common postoperative complication and substantially increases health-car...