ARTICLES| VOLUME 22, ISSUE 11, P1626-1647, NOVEMBER 01, 2022 Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 GBD 2019 LRI Collaborators Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 11: 1626-1647 Published:August 11, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00510-2 Summary Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and cor...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 10, ISSUE 11, P1074-1085, NOVEMBER 01, 2022 Daily use of lateral flow devices by contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases to enable exemption from isolation compared with standard self-isolation to reduce onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in England: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial Nicola K Love, Derren R Ready, Charlie Turner, et al. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10: 1074-1085 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)002...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass for Cooking and Effects on Birth Weight Thomas F. Clasen, Howard H. Chang, Lisa M. Thompson, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1735-1746DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206734 Abstract BACKGROUND Exposure during pregnancy to household air pollution caused by the burning of solid biomass fuel is associated with adverse health outcomes, including low birth weight. Whether the replacement of a biomass cookstove with a lique...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Lifting Universal Masking in Schools — Covid-19 Incidence among Students and Staff Tori L. Cowger, Eleanor J. Murray, Jaylen Clarke, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1935-1946DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2211029 Abstract BACKGROUND In February 2022, Massachusetts rescinded a statewide universal masking policy in public schools, and many Massachusetts school districts lifted masking requirements during the subsequent weeks. In the greater Boston a...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Progression of Atrial Fibrillation after Cryoablation or Drug Therapy Jason G. Andrade, Marc W. Deyell, Laurent Macle, et al N Engl J Med November 7, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212540 Abstract BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation is a chronic, progressive disorder, and persistent forms of atrial fibrillation are associated with increased risks of thromboembolism and heart failure. Catheter ablation as initial therapy may modify the pathogenic mec...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation Sheldon Cheskes, P. Richard Verbeek, Ian R. Drennan, et al N Engl J Med November 6, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2207304 Abstract BACKGROUND Despite advances in defibrillation technology, shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation remains common during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Double sequential external defibrillation (DSED; rapid sequential shocks from two defibrillators)...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity Daniel Weghuber, Timothy Barrett, Margarita Barrientos-Pérez, et al N Engl J Med November 2, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2208601 Abstract BACKGROUND A once-weekly, 2.4-mg dose of subcutaneous semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is used to treat obesity in adults, but assessment of the drug in adolescents has been lacking. METHODS In this double-blind, parallel-grou...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Trial of an Intervention to Improve Acute Heart Failure Outcomes Douglas S. Lee, Sharon E. Straus, Michael E. Farkouh, et al N Engl J Med November 5, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2211680 Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with acute heart failure are frequently or systematically hospitalized, often because the risk of adverse events is uncertain and the options for rapid follow-up are inadequate. Whether the use of a strategy to support clinicians i...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Methylprednisolone for Heart Surgery in Infants — A Randomized, Controlled Trial Kevin D. Hill, Prince J. Kannankeril, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, et al N Engl J Med November 6, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212667 Abstract BACKGROUND Although perioperative prophylactic glucocorticoids have been used for decades, whether they improve outcomes in infants after heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is unknown. METHODS We conducted a multicenter...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Duration of Device-Based Fever Prevention after Cardiac Arrest Christian Hassager, Henrik Schmidt, Jacob E. Møller, et al N Engl J Med November 6, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212528 Abstract BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend active fever prevention for 72 hours after cardiac arrest. Data from randomized clinical trials of this intervention have been lacking. METHODS We randomly assigned comatose patients who had been resuscitated after a...