Original Investigation  April 28, 2023 Comparing Physician and Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions Posted to a Public Social Media Forum John W. Ayers, Adam Poliak, Mark Dredze, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online April 28, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1838 Key Points Question  Can an artificial intelligence chatbot assistant, provide responses to patient questions that are of comparable qua...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Effectiveness of handwashing with soap for preventing acute respiratory infections in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Ian Ross, Sarah Bick, Philip Ayieko, et al Lancet Published:April 27, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00021-1 Summary Background Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with 83% of ARI mortality occurring...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study Jesús F Bermejo-Martin, Nadia García-Mateo, Anna Motos, et al Lancet Microbe Published:April 25, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00041-1 Summary Background The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations be...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Decompressive Craniectomy versus Craniotomy for Acute Subdural Hematoma Peter J. Hutchinson, Hadie Adams, Midhun Mohan, et al N Engl J Med April 23, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214172 Abstract BACKGROUND Traumatic acute subdural hematomas frequently warrant surgical evacuation by means of a craniotomy (bone flap replaced) or decompressive craniectomy (bone flap not replaced). Craniectomy may prevent intracranial hypertension, but whether it ...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccine to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers Laure F. Pittet, Nicole L. Messina, Francesca Orsini, et al N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1582-1596DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212616 Abstract BACKGROUND The bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine has immunomodulatory “off-target” effects that have been hypothesized to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). METHODS In this international, double-blind, ...

Original Investigation  April 20, 2023 Piperacillin-Tazobactam Compared With Cefoxitin as Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Michael I. D’Angelica, Ryan J. Ellis, Jason B. Liu, et al JAMA. Published online April 20, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.5728 Key Points Question  Does use of perioperative broad-spectrum antibiotics reduce postoperative surgical site infection after open pancreat...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Intravenous ravulizumab in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19: a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial Djillali Annane, Sean J Pittock, Hrishikesh S Kulkarni, et al Lancet Respir Med Published:March 20, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00082-6 Summary Background The complement pathway is a potential target for the treatment of severe COVID-19. We evaluated the ...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3) Jean Reignier, Gaetan Plantefeve, Jean-Paul Mira, et al Lancet Respir Med Published:March 20, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00092-9 Summary Background The optimal calorie and protein intakes at the acute phase of severe critical illness remain unknow...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Platelet Transfusion before CVC Placement in Patients with Thrombocytopenia Floor L.F. van Baarle, Emma K. van de Weerdt, Walter J.F.M. van der Velden, et al N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1956-1965DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2214322 Abstract BACKGROUND Transfusion guidelines regarding platelet-count thresholds before the placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) offer conflicting recommendations because of a lack of good-quality evidence. The routine...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Measuring the global response to antimicrobial resistance, 2020–21: a systematic governance analysis of 114 countries Jay Patel, Anne Harant, Genevie Fernandes, et al Lancet Infect Dis Published:January 16, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00796-4 Summary Background Understanding strategic commitments and policy responses to overcome antimicrobial resistance at the national, regional, and global levels is required t...