Original Investigation  October 11, 2023 Gender Differences in Medicare Practice and Payments to Neurosurgeons Temitope O. Oshinowo, Michael S. Rallo, Clemens M. Schirmer, et al JAMA Surg. Published online October 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.4988 Key Points Question  Is there variation in reimbursements to neurosurgeons based on gender? Findings  In this cross-sectional stud...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Decolonization in Nursing Homes to Prevent Infection and Hospitalization Loren G. Miller, James A. McKinnell, Raveena D. Singh, et al N Engl J Med October 10, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2215254 Abstract BACKGROUND Nursing home residents are at high risk for infection, hospitalization, and colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms. METHODS We performed a cluster-randomized trial of universal decolonization as compared with ro...

Research Letter  Climate Change and Health September 21, 2023 Canadian Wildfire Smoke and Asthma Syndrome Emergency Department Visits in New York City Kai Chen, Yiqun Ma, Michelle L. Bell, et al JAMA. 2023;330(14):1385-1387. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18768 The wildfires in Canada in 20231 deteriorated air quality locally and distantly. For example, the smoke of wildfires in Quebec drifted into New York City (NYC), hundreds of kilometers away, and c...

Original Investigation  November 11, 2023 Effect of Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure: A Crossover Trial Deepak K. Gupta, Cora E. Lewis, Krista A. Varady, et al JAMA. Published online November 11, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23651 Key Points Question  What is the impact of dietary sodium intake on blood pressure in middle-aged to elderly individuals? Findings  In this prospectively allocated diet order crossover study...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Angina Christopher A. Rajkumar, Michael J. Foley, Fiyyaz Ahmed-Jushuf, et al N Engl J Med November 11, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2310610 Abstract BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is frequently performed to reduce the symptoms of stable angina. Whether PCI relieves angina more than a placebo procedure in patients who are not receiving antianginal m...

Research Letter  October 9, 2023 Analysis of Devices Authorized by the FDA for Clinical Decision Support in Critical Care Jessica T. Lee, Alexander T. Moffett, George Maliha, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online October 9, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5002 The use of predictive clinical decision support (CDS) devices (ie, those that use machine learning [ML] or artificial intelligence [AI]) has the potential to improve outcomes in ...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Restrictive or Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Myocardial Infarction and Anemia Jeffrey L. Carson, Maria Mori Brooks, Paul C. Hébert, et al N Engl J Med November 11, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2307983 Abstract BACKGROUND A strategy of administering a transfusion only when the hemoglobin level falls below 7 or 8 g per deciliter has been widely adopted. However, patients with acute myocardial infarction may benefit from a higher hemoglobin lev...

PULMONARY VASCULAR: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 164, ISSUE 4, P981-991 The Effects of Exercise Training in Patients With Persistent Dyspnea Following Pulmonary Embolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial Øyvind Jervan, Stacey Haukeland-Parker, Jostein Gleditsch, et al Chest 2023; 164: 981-991 Open Access Published: May 04, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.042 Background Persistent dyspnea, functional limitations, and reduced quality of life (QoL) ...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 164, ISSUE 4, P885-891, OCTOBER 2023 Emulating Target Trials Comparing Early and Delayed Intubation Strategies Kerollos Nashat Wanis, Arin L. Madenci, Sicheng Hao, et al Chest 2023; 164: 885-891 Published: May 05, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.048 Background Whether intubation should be initiated early in the clinical course of critically ill patients remains a matter of debate. Results from pr...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 164, ISSUE 4, P913-928, OCTOBER 2023 Noninvasive Oxygenation Strategies in Adult Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis Tyler Pitre, Dena Zeraatkar, George V. Kachkovski, et al Chest 2023; 164: 913-928 Published: April 19, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.022 Background Several recently published randomized controlled trials have evaluated v...