Original Investigation  December 20, 2023 Preoperative Midazolam and Patient-Centered Outcomes of Older Patients: The I-PROMOTE Randomized Clinical Trial Ana Kowark, András P. Keszei, Gerhard Schneider, et al JAMA Surg. Published online December 20, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6479 Key Points Question  Is global perioperative patient satisfaction different in older patients administered preo...

Research Letter  December 27, 2023 Affiliation Bias in Peer Review of Abstracts by a Large Language Model Dario von Wedel; Rico A. Schmitt; Moritz Thiele; et al JAMA. Published online December 27, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24641 Ever-increasing numbers of submitted manuscripts put the academic publishing system and its human peer reviewers under pressure.1 Researchers have started to use large language models (LLMs) as support for writ...

Original Investigation  December 26, 2023 Changes in Hospital Adverse Events and Patient Outcomes Associated With Private Equity Acquisition Sneha Kannan, Joseph Dov Bruch, Zirui Song JAMA. 2023;330(24):2365-2375. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23147 Key Points Question  How do quality of care and patient outcomes change after private equity acquisition of hospitals? Findings  In a difference-in-differences examination of 662...

Research Letter  Climate Change and Health December 21, 2023 Body Core Temperature After Foot Immersion and Neck Cooling in Older Adults Exposed to Extreme Heat Robert D. Meade, Emma R. McCourt, James J. McCormick, et al JAMA. Published online December 21, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24417 As heat waves increase in regularity and severity, sustainable cooling interventions for preventing heat-related mortality and morbidity are needed.1&nb...

Original Investigation  January 21, 2024 Development and Validation of the Phoenix Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock L. Nelson Sanchez-Pinto, Tellen D. Bennett, Peter E. DeWitt, et al JAMA. Published online January 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0196 Key Points Question  What are the best-performing organ dysfunction–based criteria to implement the definition of sepsis and septic shock in children with suspected inf...

Original Investigation  November 29, 2023 Surgeon Sex and Health Care Costs for Patients Undergoing Common Surgical Procedures Christopher J. D. Wallis, Angela Jerath, Khatereh Aminoltejari, et al JAMA Surg. Published online November 29, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6031 Key Points Question  Is there an association between surgeon sex and costs of surgical care? Findings  In this...

Original Investigation  August 23, 2023 Risk-Adjusted Cumulative Sum for Early Detection of Hospitals With Excess Perioperative Mortality Vivi W. Chen, Alexis P. Chidi, Yongquan Dong, et al JAMA Surg. 2023;158(11):1176-1183. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.3673 Key Points Question  Is use of the risk-adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM) associated with improvement in early detection of hospitals with excess perioper...

Original Investigation  December 13, 2023 Medical Students’ Perspectives on Family Planning and Impact on Specialty Choice Ebernella Shirin Dason, Madalina Maxim, Dionne Gesink, et al JAMA Surg. Published online December 13, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6392 Key Points Question  What are medical students’ perspectives about family planning within a medical career and do these perspectives affect their choice of specialty? F...

Original Investigation  December 13, 2023 Clinical Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposure to Extracranial Surgery: A TRACK-TBI Study Christopher J. Roberts, Jason Barber, Nancy R. Temkin, et al JAMA Surg. Published online December 13, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6374 Key Points Question  Are functional and cognitive outcomes worse after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in those exposed to extracranial surgery and anes...

Original Investigation  December 18, 2023 Association Between Daily Toothbrushing and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Selina Ehrenzeller, Michael Klompas JAMA Intern Med. Published online December 18, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6638 Key Points Question  Is daily toothbrushing among hospitalized patients associated with prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia and improved objectiv...