Optimal Partial Oxygen Pressure in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation In ICU Thu, 2 Oct 2025 Mechanical ventilation is an intervention used worldwide in intensive care, with most patients also receiving supplemental oxygen. Determining the optimal arterial oxygen target (PaO₂) is essential, as both hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia carry risks.  A recent review examines these risks and provides evidence-based guidance on appropriate oxygen tar...

Editorial  AI in Medicine Artificial Intelligence and Diabetes Prevention Leigh Perreault JAMA Published Online: October 27, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.20099 As of 2021, an estimated 38.4 million people in the US had diabetes, and 97.6 million with prediabetes were at increased risk of diabetes.1 Approximately 70% of people with prediabetes develop diabetes over their lifetime.2,3 Furthermore, there is evidence that people with prediabetes have inc...

Large Language Models in Clinical Reasoning In ICU Thu, 2 Oct 2025 Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical care for documentation, communication, and decision support, but their reasoning abilities remain difficult to evaluate. Traditional benchmarks, though useful, often measure knowledge recall rather than true clinical reasoning. Script Concordance Testing (SCT) offers a scalable way to assess a core skill: adjusting diagno...

Immune Dysregulation Framework for Sepsis and Critical Illnesses In Sepsis Thu, 2 Oct 2025 When a critically ill patient arrives in the emergency department, physicians must make rapid, high-stakes decisions related to infection and whether that infection is bacterial or viral. There are decisions related to whether the patient needs immediate treatment, and whether they can recover safely at home or must be admitted.  Even once an infection is...

Editorial  Reconsidering Oxygen at Birth for Preterm Infants: Lessons From TORPIDO 30/60 Alyssa R. Thomas, Elizabeth E. Foglia JAMA Published Online: December 10, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.23127 At birth, newborns must transition from the low-oxygen environment of the womb to postnatal normoxemia. Most preterm newborns require supplemental oxygen to support this process. Yet, active debate remains about the optimal starting fraction of inspired oxyge...

Noncommunicable Diseases as a Grow Catalyst  In EXEC Sun, 21 Sep 2025 Noncommunicable diseases are reshaping population health and national economies as ageing accelerates and prevention efforts lag. The scale is already large and, without decisive action, forecasts point to heavier human and economic costs by 2050. Yet the same evidence base that describes the problem also maps out a route to measurable gains in longevity, healthy life and produc...

Gender Representation Trends and Senior Authorships in High Impact Critical Care Journals In ICU Fri, 26 Sep 2025 Gender disparities remain entrenched in medical academia, particularly in authorship positions linked to seniority and prestige. Women are underrepresented as first and senior authors, transition more slowly to senior authorship, and face greater gaps in high-impact journals and randomised controlled trials. Wealthy countries often show few...

Comment Treatment of MSSA bacteraemia: a call for a personalised approach Carol M Kao, Stephanie A Fritz Lancet Available online 17 October 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01844-6 Staphylococcus aureus infections remain a formidable health threat, responsible for the most infection-related deaths worldwide and a mortality rate of up to 30%, despite contemporary infection prevention practices, antimicrobial stewardship, and nov...

Patient-Important Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding In ICU Fri, 26 Sep 2025 Critically ill patients are prone to stress-related erosions that can lead to upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. While previous studies defined clinically important bleeding by investigator criteria, a new outcome measure, patient-important upper GI bleeding, was developed with input from ICU survivors and families. This definition excludes haemodynamic or lab thresholds and i...

Ventilatory Management of the Surgical Critically Ill Patient In ICU Fri, 26 Sep 2025 Postoperative management of critically ill surgical patients requires tailored approaches for each type of surgery, but core principles, especially optimising mechanical ventilation, remain consistent.  A recent article outlines essential strategies and recent advances in best practices for respiratory support in ICU postoperative care. The IMPROVE trial de...