Original Investigation  Pediatrics October 29, 2024 Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Treatment Failure Among Children With Pneumonia Daniel J. Shapiro, Matt Hall, Mark I. Neuman, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2441821. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.41821 Key Points Question  In children with pneumonia managed as outpatients, is receipt of antibiotics associated with decreased risk of treat...

Sepsis Patients Could Get Faster Treatment In Sepsis Fri, 21 Jun 2024 Patients with sepsis could be treated based on their immune system’s response to infection rather than their symptoms. New research has revealed that people’s genetic makeup significantly influences their response to sepsis. This understanding could help identify those who would benefit from specific treatments and pave the way for developing targeted therapies. The findings are p...

Original Investigation  Pediatrics October 29, 2024 Sociodemographic Disparities in 1-Year Outcomes of Children With Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury Omer S. Ashruf, Zaid Ashruf, Valerie Luyckx, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2440988. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40988 Key Points Question  Do disparities in clinical outcomes persist along sociodemographic lines among children with communit...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Comparison of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Materials Amanda J. Ullman, Deanne August, Tricia M. Kleidon, et al N Engl J Med 2025;392:161-172 Abstract BACKGROUND New catheter materials for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) may reduce the risk of device failure due to infectious, thrombotic, and catheter occlusion events. However, data from randomized trials comparing these catheters are lacking. METHODS We ...

Original Investigation  Pediatrics October 30, 2024 Maternal-Newborn ABO Blood Groups and Risk of Bacterial Infection in Newborns Emily Ana Butler, Joel G. Ray, Eyal Cohen JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2442227. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.42227 Key Points Question  If a mother and newborn have incongruent ABO blood groups, is the newborn at a lower risk of bacterial infection than if they had c...

Renal Protective Effect, Role of Vitamin B6 in Sepsis In Sepsis Sun, 23 Jun 2024 Sepsis can progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or multiorgan failure. Globally, sepsis-related deaths are estimated at 11 million annually, representing 19.7% of total deaths, with a global age-standardised death rate of 148.1 per 100,000 people. Despite advancements in treatment, the case fatality rate for sepsis remains high at 30% to 70%. Treating sepsis is ...

Research Letter  Pediatrics October 31, 2024 Caregiver Awareness and Knowledge of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Children Michelle C. Starr, Julia Vanderkolk, Shrea Goswami, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2442442. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.42442 Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in pediatrics and is associated with poor outcomes.1 Adult patients with AKI are oft...

The Way to a Patient’s Heart — Vascular Access in Cardiac Arrest Niklas Nielsen N Engl J Med Published October 31, 2024 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2412901 Every year, thousands of lives are saved with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Yet, overall survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is approximately 10%, even in well-performing emergency medical systems. The interventions that are undertaken at the scene of a cardiac arrest are the most likel...

Original Investigation  Anesthesiology November 1, 2024 Pulmonary Atelectasis After Sedation With Propofol vs Propofol-Ketamine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Yu Jeong Bang, Jeayoun Kim, Nam-Su Gil, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(11):e2433029. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.33029 Key Points Question  What is the incidence of atelectasis among children ...

Organ Donation After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation In ICU Sat, 22 Jun 2024 With the global demand for organ transplants on the rise, the shortage of available organs has worsened, leaving the supply insufficient to meet the growing need. One way to address this crisis is to identify potential organ donors, particularly by screening for brain death in ICUs, especially after cardiac arrest. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (...