Original Investigation  Infectious Diseases December 23, 2024 Clinical Outcomes of Early Phenotype-Desirable Antimicrobial Therapy for Enterobacterales Bacteremia Rena C. Moon, Shawn H. MacVane, Joy David, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2451633. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51633 Key Points Question  Is the timing of phenotype-desirable antimicrobial therapy (PDAT; ie, a β-la...

Research Letter  November 7, 2024 Industry Payments to Physicians by Competing Manufacturers Within Novel Therapeutic Classes Q. Wilton Sun, Joseph S. Ross JAMA. 2024;332(24):2111-2113. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20842 Pharmaceutical manufacturers make extensive payments to physicians for marketing purposes, including for speaking, travel, attending promotional events, and consulting arrangements,1,2 with well-documented influence o...

Original Investigation  November 6, 2024 Postmarketing Surveillance of Inferior Vena Cava Filters Among US Medicare Beneficiaries: The SAFE-IVC Study Enrico G. Ferro, Julie B. Mackel, Renee D. Kramer, et al JAMA. 2024;332(24):2091-2100. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19553 Key Points Question  What are the contemporary practice patterns and clinical outcomes of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) insertion and retrie...

Fresenius Study Confirms Anaemia Therapy Software Boosts Clinical Outcomes in Haemodialysis Patients In ICU Thu, 24 Oct 2024 This randomised controlled study demonstrates that patients achieved a higher percentage of target haemoglobin levels Patients receiving anaemia management assistance via the software tools saw a 25% reduction in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) usage The software's physiology-based model and predictive controller we...

Original Investigation  Public Health October 21, 2024 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gang Membership in a Brazilian Birth Cohort Andreas Bauer, Rafaela Costa Martins, Gemma Hammerton, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2440393. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40393 Key Points Question  Are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associated with increased risk of gang membership in a low- and mi...

Regulation of AI in Healthcare and Biomedicine - FDA Perspective  In ICU Mon, 4 Nov 2024 Emerging technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), are often declared to be transformative in healthcare, with high hopes, expectations, and concerns surpassing those for EHRs, digital health tools, and telemedicine. The FDA has proactively prepared for AI’s integration into healthcare and biomedical product development yet faces distinct challe...

Research Letter  September 30, 2024 Trends in Female Physicians Entering High-Compensation Specialties, 2008 to 2022 Karina Pereira-Lima, Srijan Sen, Sujatha Changolkar, et al JAMA. 2024;332(16):1390-1392. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17516 National reports show that women constituted 55% of incoming US medical students in 2023 and 38% of the physician workforce in 2022.1,2 However, women remain underrepresented in high...

Special Communication  October 19, 2024 World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants World Medical Association JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21972 Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964 and amended by the: 29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 1975 35th WMA General Assembly, Venice, I...

Invited Commentary  Infectious Diseases December 20, 2024 The Inoculum Effect and Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis—Time to Reconsider Treatment? Sara E. Cosgrove, Loren G. Miller JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2451300. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51300 Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus aureus remains a deadly disease, with up to one-third of patients dying within 30 d...

Original Investigation  Infectious Diseases December 20, 2024 β-Lactam Inoculum Effect in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis Baptiste Jean, Maelys Crolle, Candice Pollani, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2451353. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51353 Key Points Question  Is the clinical outcome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureu...