Original Investigation  Pulmonary Medicine January 3, 2025 Factors in Initial Anticoagulation Choice in Hospitalized Patients With Pulmonary Embolism William B. Stubblefield, Ron Helderman, Natalie Strokes, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2452877. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.52877 Key Points Question  What are factors associated with initial anticoagulation choice in hospitalized patien...

EDITORIAL The Emerging Threat of H5N1 to Human Health Michael G. Ison N Engl J Med Published December 31, 2024 Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) emerged in 1997.1 Since then, it has spread globally by migratory birds, resulting in infections in animals on every continent. HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b emerged in 2021 and resulted in fatal infections in poultry as well as terrestrial and marine mammals.1 In early 2024, influenza A infecti...

Population-health impact of new drugs recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England during 2000–20: a retrospective analysis Huseyin Naci, Peter Murphy, Beth Woods, et al Lancet 2025; 405: 50-60 Published Online December 12, 2024https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02352-3 Summary Background Health systems experience difficult trade-offs when paying for new drugs. In England, funding recommendations by the National Institu...

Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In ICU Tue, 12 Nov 2024 Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in critically ill, intubated ICU patients, contributing to high rates of mortality, morbidity, extended ICU stays, and increased healthcare costs. Preventing VAP is crucial for patient safety and healthcare sustainability.  A recent review explores non-pharmacological interventi...

RESEARCH ARTICLE COMPUTER SCIENCES Promotional language and the adoption of innovative ideas in science Hao Peng, Huilian Sophie Qiu, Henrik Barslund Fosse, et al PNAS 2024: 121 (25); e2320066121 Significance Using three longitudinal samples of funded and unfunded grant applications from three of the world’s largest funders—the NIH, the NSF, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation—we find that the percentage of promotional language in a grant proposal is associa...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans Shikha Garg, Katie Reinhart, Alexia Couture, et al N Engl J Med Published December 31, 2024 Abstract BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused widespread infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We describe characteristics of human A(H5N1) cases identified from March through October 2024 in the ...

Cardiogenic Shock: Definitions, Pathophysiology, Management Approaches  In ICU Mon, 18 Nov 2024 Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition resulting from inadequate tissue perfusion due to reduced cardiac output. Despite advancements in cardiovascular care, its short-term mortality rate remains high, around 40-50%. CS can arise from diverse causes, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, post-surgical complications,...

ONLINE FIRST (FREE ACCESS) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ICU TOPICAL COLLECTION Editorial Does artificial intelligence close gaps in clinical pharmacology in the ICU? Gijsen M. and De Waele J. J. What if we do, but what if we don’t? The opportunity cost of artificial intelligence hesitancy in the intensive care unit Spencer E-J, Economou-Zavlanos N. J. and van Genderen M. E. The role of artificial intelligence in life-sustaining treatment decisions: curr...

Research Letter  December 30, 2024 Antibody Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Immunocompromised Persons Andrew H. Karaba, Camille Hage, Isabella Sengsouk, et al JAMA. Published online December 30, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25395 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes high morbidity in immunocompromised persons.1Novel prefusion F (preF)–containing RSV vaccines showed 13- to ...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Vutrisiran in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy Marianna Fontana, John L. Berk, Julian D. Gillmore, et al N Engl J Med 2025;392:33-44 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2409134 Abstract BACKGROUND Transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive, fatal disease. Vutrisiran, a subcutaneously administered RNA interference therapeutic agent, inhibits the production of hepatic transthyretin. 转甲状腺素...