Original Investigation  May 14, 2025 Role of Preoperative Antibiotic Treatment While Awaiting Appendectomy: The PERFECT-Antibiotics Randomized Clinical Trial Karoliina Jalava, Ville Sallinen, Hanna Lampela, et al JAMA Surg. Published online May 14, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.1212 Key Points Question  Is waiting for surgery without antibiotic treatment noninferior to waiting with antibiotic ...

Editorial Is a “Fine Tuning” of the Flow Rate During High Flow Oxygen Therapy Clinically Relevant?: The Optimal Setting of High Flow Nasal Cannula Should Be Explored Further Alessandro Galazzi, Giacomo Grasselli Chest 2025; 167: 1257-1258 The clinical effects of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) include improvement of oxygenation, reduction of respiratory rate, inspiratory effort and dyspnea, amelioration of ventilation homogeneity and preservation of mucociliary...

Original Investigation  Medical Education May 14, 2025 Causes of Death Among US Medical Residents Nicholas A. Yaghmour, William E. Bynum IV, Frederic W. Hafferty, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(5):e259238. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9238 Key Points Question  Have causes of death for US medical residents and fellows changed between the periods of 2000 to 2014 and 2015 to 2021? Find...

Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle Compliance and Mortality In Sepsis Tue, 25 Mar 2025 Sepsis is a major cause of death and disability. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) aims to improve sepsis outcomes through the Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle (SEP-1), which hospitals must report compliance with. SEP-1, based on the Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundle, is linked to lower mortality rates.  CMS i...

Critical Care: Guidelines and Consensus Statements Use of Intravenous Albumin: A Guideline From the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines Jeannie Callum, Nikolaos J. Skubas, Aarti Bathla, et al Chest 2024; 166: 321-338 Background Albumin is used commonly across a wide range of clinical settings to improve hemodynamics, to facilitate fluid removal, and to manage complications of cirrhosis. The International Collaboration for Transfu...

Invited Commentary  April 10, 2025 Olfactory Impairment and Mortality—The Crossroads of Neurodegeneration, Frailty, and Aging Nicholas R. Rowan JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Published online April 10, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2025.0161 Ruane and colleagues1 address a pressing and timely issue: the intersection of olfactory impairment (OI) and aging-related outcomes. While their focus is on OI and its association with mortality, this ...

What is the MINUTES Bundle?  In ICU Thu, 20 Mar 2025 The MINUTES bundle was discussed in one of the sessions @ISICEM in Brussels. The MINUTES bundle is a structured approach designed to guide healthcare professionals in the initial 30-minute management of patients presenting with undifferentiated circulatory shock. The acronym stands for Maintain ABCs, INfuse vasopressors and/or fluids, INvestigate, Ultrasound, Treat ...

JOURNAL ARTICLE EDITOR'S CHOICE Association Between the Sequence of β-Lactam and Vancomycin Administration and Mortality in Patients With Suspected Sepsis Yutaka Kondo, Michael Klompas, Caroline S McKenna, et al Clin Infect Dis 2025; 80: 761-769 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae599 Abstract Background Timely antibiotic initiation is critical to sepsis management, but there are limited data on the impact of giving β-lactams first ver...

Editor's Note  Less Is More March 17, 2025 Nudging Toward Effective and Scalable Palliative Care Interventions in Intensive Care Nathan M. Stall, Tracy Y. Wang, Sharon K. Inouye JAMA Intern Med. 2025;185(5):521. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0100 More than 5 million patients are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) across the US every year, and mortality rates average between 10% and 29% for ICU stays.1 Intensive care is characterized by th...

JOURNAL ARTICLE A National Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing the Effects of Cefepime Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam on the Development of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Septic Shock Asad E Patanwala, David E Nix, Thomas E Hills, et al Clin Infect Dis 2025; 80:770-776 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae600 Abstract Background Cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam are commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat pati...