CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCHVolume 168, Issue 1P119-130July 2025 Modified Cuff Leak Test for Predicting the Risk of Reintubation in Patients With Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter, Single-Anonymized, Randomized Controlled Trial Xiao Tang, Yan-Mei Gu, Yuan Shi, et al Chest 2025; 168: 119-130 Abstract Background The cuff leak test (CLT) is an important tool to assess the risk of upper airway obstruction after extubation. Research Questi...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCHVolume 168, Issue 1P106-118July 2025Open AccessDownload Full Issue Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients: Six-Month Mortality, Care Pathways, and Quality of Life Nicolas Paul, Elena Ribet Buse, Julius J. Grunow, et al Chest 2025; 168: 106-118 Abstract Background There is limited knowledge about long-term mortality, care pathways, and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) among patients in the IC...

Invited Commentary  Surgery Variability in Delirium After Noncardiac Surgery—Nature vs Nurture Jessica D. Spence, Emilie Belley-Côté JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(7):e2519476. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.19476 In adults older than 60 years, surgery is a well-known precipitant of delirium, an acute neuropsychiatric condition characterized by an altered consciousness and fluctuating episodes of confusion and inattention.1 A recent systematic review2&n...

RECUVAP: Consensual Definition of VAP Recurrences and Various Types  In ICU Tue, 6 May 2025 Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare-associated infection in ICUs, linked to increased mortality, longer mechanical ventilation, and extended ICU stays. Diagnostic criteria for the first episode of VAP include clinical suspicion, chest x-ray infiltrates, and positive microbiological cultures from lower respiratory tract specimens. Ho...

Original Investigation  Psychiatry Caring for Grandchildren and Dementia Among Older Adults in China Zi Zhou, Xiaoling Hong JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(7):e2519622. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.19622 Key Points Question  Is grandchild caregiving associated with dementia, and are technology access and loneliness mediators of such an association? Findings  In this cohort study of 10 058 older adults, nonintensive grandchild careg...

Original Investigation  Surgery Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery Heather L. Lander, Andrew W. Dick, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, et al JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(7):e2519467. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.19467 Key Points Question  What is the association of postoperative delirium with adverse outcomes, and how much variation exists in hospital rates of postoperative delirium? Findings  In this coh...

Research Letter  The Failure of Life Expectancy to Fully Rebound to Prepandemic Levels Hannes Schwandt, Janet Currie, Till von Wachter, et al JAMA Published Online: July 9, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.10439 US life expectancy plummeted during the COVID-19 pandemic and increased in 2022-2023.1 Although estimates for 2024 have not been reported for the US, vital statistics through 2024 are available for California. This study examined how California...

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Patients With Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure In ICU Mon, 28 Apr 2025 Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a serious syndrome characterised by the development of organ failure following an acute hepatic insult and is associated with high short-term mortality rates. Plasma exchange has emerged as a potential treatment option for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.  A recent systematic review and meta-analysis...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Global Effect of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Lifetime Estimates The Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium N Engl J Med 2025;393:125-138 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2415879 Abstract BACKGROUND Five risk factors account for approximately 50% of the global burden of cardiovascular disease. How the presence or absence of classic risk factors affects lifetime estimates of cardiovascular disease and death from any cause remains unclear. 五项危...

JOURNAL ARTICLE Concordance of Noninvasive Plasma Cell-free DNA With Invasive Diagnostics for Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Disease Anthony Lieu, Alex N Zimmet, Joseph Pozdol, et al Clin Infect Dis 2025; 80: 1095-1102 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf021 Abstract Background Mold plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a promising noninvasive diagnostic modality for early diagnosis of invasive mold disease (IMD) in immun...