ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Aggressive intraoperative warming versus routine thermal management during non-cardiac surgery (PROTECT): a multicentre, parallel group, superiority trial Daniel I Sessler, Lijian Pei, Kai Li, et al Lancet Published:April 04, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00560-8 Summary Background Moderate intraoperative hypothermia promotes myocardial injury, surgical site infections, and blood loss. Whether aggressive war...

Outcome After Intubation for Septic Shock Acute respiratory failure in septic patients is associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Early management and treatment with antibiotics, fluids, vasopressors, and source control, can reduce morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-related acute respiratory failure is also frequent and may require non-invasive or invasive ventilator support. While intubation can improve outcomes, there are no specific criteria defined and no...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21 COVID-19 Excess Mortality Collaborators † Lancet Published:March 10, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3 Summary Background Mortality statistics are fundamental to public health decision making. Mortality varies by time and location, and its measurement is affected by well known biases that hav...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 161, ISSUE 1, P97-111, JANUARY 01, 2022 The Usefulness of the Rapid Shallow Breathing Index in Predicting Successful Extubation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Vatsal Trivedi, Dipayan Chaudhuri, Rehman Jinah, et al Chest 2022; 161: 97-111 Background Clinicians use several measures to ascertain whether individual patients will tolerate liberation from mechanical ventilation, including the rapid s...

COV-AID Trial: Effect of Anti-Interleukin Drugs in COVID-19 The coronavirus infection continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 is a new illness, and clinicians are still trying to find the most effective treatment strategies. Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 blockade have been proposed as one possible option. However, study results so far are conflicting. COV-AID, a prospective, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial, was co...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines over a 9-Month Period in North Carolina Dan-Yu Lin, Yu Gu, Bradford Wheeler, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 386:933-941DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2117128 Abstract BACKGROUND The duration of protection afforded by coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines in the United States is unclear. Whether the increase in postvaccination infections during the summer of 2021 was caused by declining immunity over time, the emer...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 399, ISSUE 10331, P1254-1264, MARCH 26, 2022 Effectiveness of rAd26-rAd5, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BBIBP-CorV vaccines for risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and death due to COVID-19 in people older than 60 years in Argentina: a test-negative, case-control, and retrospective longitudinal study Analía Rearte, Juan Manuel Castelli, Ramiro Rearte, et al Lancet 2022; 399: 1254-1264 Summary Background In January, 2021, a vaccinatio...

Editorial January 24, 2022 Defining Optimal Respiratory Support for Patients With COVID-19 Fernando G. Zampieri, Juliana C. Ferreira JAMA. Published online January 24, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.0067 Noninvasive respiratory support is an essential component of critical care. Both noninvasive ventilation, with its different interface types and modes (including helmet and face masks), and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) are successfully used to man...

Impact of Treatment Variability on ARDS Mortality Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a potentially fatal condition characterised by acute hypoxaemia, and bilateral radiographic infiltrates and a mortality of 36 to 47%. Interventions like lung protective ventilation (LPV) and prone positioning have been shown to improve survival but remain underused. Other treatment methods such as neuromuscular blockade, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, steroids and ...

Original Investigation January 24, 2022 Effect of Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies on Intubation or Mortality Among Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19: The RECOVERY-RS Randomized Clinical Trial Gavin D. Perkins, Chen Ji, Bronwen A. Connolly, et al JAMA. Published online January 24, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.0028 Key Points Question  What is the effect of initial noni...