Editorial  March 21, 2023 Toward Personalizing Care: Assessing Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects in Randomized Trials Issa J. Dahabreh, Dhruv S. Kazi JAMA. 2023;329(13):1063-1065. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3576 Clinicians know that individual patients may respond differently to a given treatment and that the overall treatment effect reported in a randomized trial of the treatment may not be directly applicable to all patients in clinical practice.1 D...

Original Investigation  February 20, 2023 Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in China: Results From the Sixth China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Limin Wang, Xin Xu, Mei Zhang, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online February 20, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6817 Key Points Question  What is the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China? Findings  In this nationally representative c...

Strategies to Optimise Extubation Extubation failure refers to the inability to sustain spontaneous breathing after the removal of an artificial airway. The need for reintubation with 24 to 72 hours or up to seven days can lead to high morbidity, mortality and disability. The incidence of extubation failure in ICUs remains high (10-15%) and has two main causes: weaning failure and airway failure.  In this paper, the authors aim to update strategies for opti...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient March 21, 2023 Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Therapeutic-Dose Heparin in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Ewan C. Goligher, Patrick R. Lawler, Thomas P. Jensen, et al JAMA. 2023;329(13):1066-1077. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3651 Key Points Question  What patient characteristics are associated with benefit or harm of therapeutic-dose heparin in patients hospitalized for mode...

Viewpoint  March 23, 2023 Medical School Rankings—Bad for the Health of the Profession and the Public Holly J. Humphrey, Dana Levinson, Keme Carter JAMA. Published online March 23, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.2815 All of higher education sat up and took notice when Heather Gerken, dean of Yale Law School, announced in November 2022 that Yale would no longer contribute data to US News & World Report (USNWR) for the ranking of law...

Original Investigation  April 4, 2023 Differences in Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction for Low- and High-Income Patients in 6 Countries Bruce E. Landon, Laura A. Hatfield, Pieter Bakx, et al JAMA. 2023;329(13):1088-1097. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.1699 Key Points Question  How do treatment patterns and outcomes for older patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction differ for low- vs high-income in...

Predicting Readmission, Death After Discharge From ICU Many machine learning (ML) models have been developed for use in the ICU, but their effectiveness in new settings is uncertain due to a lack of external validation. A study showed that less than one-third of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ML models have undergone multisite assessment. In addition, only 11% of  ICU prediction models have been externally validated.  The ICU is a popular ...

CORRESPONDENCE Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Pulmonary Embolism after Bivalent Booster Marie-Joelle Jabagi, Marion Bertrand, Jérémie Botton, et al N Engl J Med March 29, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2302134 TO THE EDITOR: A bivalent messenger RNA vaccine targeting both the ancestral and omicron BA.4–BA.5 sublineages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Pfizer–BioNTech) was introduced in France in early October 2022 and recommended ...

Viewpoint  March 27, 2023 AI-Generated Medical Advice—GPT and Beyond Claudia E. Haupt, Mason Marks JAMA. Published online March 27, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.5321 For years, experts have speculated about the future role of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care. Some AI tools can outperform physicians on specific tasks in radiology, dermatology, and other fields, which raised concerns that AI might render certain specialists obsolete. ...

SPECIAL ARTICLE Air Pollution and Mortality at the Intersection of Race and Social Class Kevin P. Josey, Scott W. Delaney, Xiao Wu, et al N Engl J Med March 24, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa2300523 Abstract BACKGROUND Black Americans are exposed to higher annual levels of air pollution containing fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]) than White Americans and may be more susceptible to its health effects. Low-income...