Original Investigation  May 9, 2023 Ziritaxestat, a Novel Autotaxin Inhibitor, and Lung Function in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The ISABELA 1 and 2 Randomized Clinical Trials Toby M. Maher, Paul Ford, Kevin K. Brown, et al JAMA. 2023;329(18):1567-1578. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.5355 Key Points Question  Does the autotaxin inhibitor ziritaxestat improve outcomes, compared with placebo, in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Patient-Level Meta-Analysis of Low-Dose Hydrocortisone in Adults with Septic Shock Romain Pirracchio, Djillali Annane, Andre K. Waschka, et al NEJM Evid 2023;2(6) DOI: 10.1056/EVIDoa2300034 Abstract BACKGROUND Trials and study-level meta-analyses have failed to resolve the role of corticosteroids in the management of patients with septic shock. Patient-level meta-analyses may provide more precise estimates of treatment effects, partic...

ICU Management & Practice, Volume 23 - Issue 1, 2023 Biomarkers for ARDS. What is New? Despite several biomarkers having been studied for diagnosis and/or prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), their extensive use has not been established. Better knowledge of the pathophysiology of ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI) may help develop new biomarkers. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterised by non-cardiogenic pulmonary oe...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in preventing hospital admissions and deaths in people with COVID-19: a cohort study in a large US health-care system Joseph A Lewnard, John M McLaughlin, Debbie Malden, et al Lancet Infect Dis Open Access Published:March 15, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00118-4 Summary Background In the USA, oral nirmatrelvir–ritonavir is authorised for use in patients aged 12 years or ol...

COMMENT 20 March 2019 Scientists rise up against statistical significance Valentin Amrhein, Sander Greenland, Blake McShane and more than 800 signatories call for an end to hyped claims and the dismissal of possibly crucial effects. Valentin Amrhein, Sander Greenland & Blake McShane Nature 567, 305-307 (2019) When was the last time you heard a seminar speaker claim there was ‘no difference’ between two groups because the difference was ‘statistica...

EDITORIAL Tranexamic Acid for Trauma Patients — More Lives to Save and Outcomes to Consider Haleema Shakur-Still, Ian Roberts N Engl J Med June 14, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2305075 Traumatic hemorrhage accounts for approximately 2 million deaths each year worldwide.1 In 2010, the results of the Clinical Randomisation of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage (CRASH)–2 trial showed that tranexamic acid reduces mortality among patients with bleeding tr...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Viral emissions into the air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge: a phase 1, open label, first-in-human study Jie Zhou, Anika Singanayagam, Niluka Goonawardane, et al. Lancet Microbe Published:June 09, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00101-5 Summary Background Effectively implementing strategies to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires understanding who is contagious and when. Although viral load on up...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Prehospital Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma The PATCH-Trauma Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group N Engl J Med June 14, 2023DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2215457 Abstract BACKGROUND Whether prehospital administration of tranexamic acid increases the likelihood of survival with a favorable functional outcome among patients with major trauma and suspected trauma-induced coagulopathy who are being treated in advanced trauma systems is ...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Dexamethasone versus Surgery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Ishita P. Miah, Dana C. Holl, Jurre Blaauw, et al N Engl J Med 2023; 388:2230-2240DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2216767 Abstract BACKGROUND The role of glucocorticoids without surgical evacuation in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma is unclear. METHODS In this multicenter, open-label, controlled, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned symptomatic patients with chronic sub...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST The third Intensive Care Bundle with Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT3): an international, stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial Lu Ma, Xin Hu, Lili Song, et al. Lancet Published: May 25, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00806-1 Summary Background Early control of elevated blood pressure is the most promising treatment for acute intracerebral haemorrhage. We aimed to...