ORIGINAL RESEARCH|ARTICLES IN PRESS Artificial Intelligence improves novices’ bronchoscopy performance – a randomized controlled trial in a simulated setting Kristoffer Mazanti Cold, Sujun Xie, Anne Orholm Nielsen, et al Chest Open Access Published:August 22, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.015 Abstract Background Navigating through the bronchial tree and visualizing all bronchial segments is the initial step toward learning flexible ...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient October 14, 2023 Cefepime vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Adults Hospitalized With Acute Infection: The ACORN Randomized Clinical Trial Edward T. Qian, Jonathan D. Casey, Adam Wright, et al JAMA. 2023;330(16):1557-1567. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.20583 Key Points Question  Does the choice between cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam affect ...

Comment & Response  September 18, 2023 Xuebijing Injection for Sepsis Treatment: When Will It Be Approved Outside of China? Tianyang Hu JAMA Intern Med. Published online September 18, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.4398 To the Editor A recent study by Liu and colleagues1 reported a reduction in 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis treated with Xuebijing (XBJ), a Chinese medicine compounded injection, compared with plac...

Original Investigation  September 20, 2023 Comparative Safety of Robotic-Assisted vs Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Stanley Kalata, Jyothi R. Thumma, Edward C. Norton, et al JAMA Surg. Published online September 20, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.4389 Key Points Question  What are the utilization rates and comparative safety outcomes of robotic-assisted cholecystectomy vs laparoscopic cholecystectomy across the United States? F...

Surgical Stabilisation of Rib Fractures in Chest Wall Injury A new study compared the effectiveness of surgical stabilisation of rib fractures (SSRF) to non-operative management in cases of severe chest wall injury. The effectiveness of SSRF has been demonstrated in patients with clinical flail chest and respiratory failure. However, the impact of SSRF on outcomes in cases of severe chest wall injuries without clinical flail chest remains uncertain. This stud...

Editorial  September 12, 2023 Blood Transfusion and Brain Amyloidosis: Should We Be Worried? Steven M. GreenbergJAMA. 2023;330(10):921-922. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.14522 Is misfolding of the amyloid β peptide—the primary constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer disease and toxic cerebral vessel wall deposits in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)1—contagious? Data from experimental and clinical sources argue that prion-like transmission of amyloid β mi...

Real Time Early Warning System Using Machine Learning Delayed recognition of haemodynamic and respiratory deterioration in hospitalised patients is linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Measures have been developed to improve the recognition of acute deterioration and reduce the occurrence of major adverse events like all-cause mortality and unplanned ICU admission. One such measure is the implementation of Early Warning Scores (EWS), including widely used s...

Research Letter  September 15, 2023 Receipt of BNT162b2 Vaccine and COVID-19 Ambulatory Visits in US Children Younger Than 5 Years Sara Y. Tartof, Timothy B. Frankland, Jeff M. Slezak, et al JAMA. Published online September 15, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.17473 Wild-type COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were recommended for children aged 6 months through 4 years on June 18, 2022.1However, COVID-19 vaccine uptake in this age group is low, with less than...

Preliminary Communication  September 12, 2023 Intracerebral Hemorrhage Among Blood Donors and Their Transfusion Recipients Jingcheng Zhao, Klaus Rostgaard, Elsa Lauwers, et al JAMA. 2023;330(10):941-950. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.14445 Key Points Question  Is there an association between the occurrence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage among blood donors and the risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in patients who recei...

CHEST INFECTIONS: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 164, ISSUE 3, P596-605, SEPTEMBER 2023 Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Prescription in Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study Lisa M. Hessels, Esther Speksnijder, Nienke Paternotte, et al Chest 2023; 164: 596-605 Published:April 26, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.032 Background Despite the low rate of bacterial coinfection, antibiotics are very commonly prescribed in ...