Invited Commentary  May 1, 2023 The Disappointing Impact of Interventions to Prevent Hospital Readmissions Robert M. Wachter JAMA Intern Med. Published online May 1, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0804 When it comes to intervention trials in health services research, we are often left with the challenge of interpreting the generalizability of a positive study, particularly when the intervention involved humans interacting with other hum...

European Guidelines: Management of Bleeding, Coagulopathy Following Trauma According to the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, trauma accounted for 8% of total deaths annually. Among adolescents aged 10-24 years, road injuries, self-harm, and interpersonal violence are the top causes of disability-adjusted life-years, and road injuries are ranked first in the 25-49 year age group. Post-traumatic bleeding and associated traumatic coagulopat...

Original Investigation  May 1, 2023 Effects of a Multimodal Transitional Care Intervention in Patients at High Risk of Readmission: The TARGET-READ Randomized Clinical Trial Jacques Donzé, Gregor John, Daniel Genné, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online May 1, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0791 Key Points Question  Could a transitional care intervention targeting higher-risk medical patients reduce the risk of 30-day unp...

Research Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Qingyang Shi, Kailei Nong, Per Olav Vandvik, et al BMJ 2023; 381 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-074068 (Published 06 April 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;381:e074068 Abstract Objective To compare the benefits and harms of drug treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes, adding non-steroidal mineralocorticoid...

Research Ambient air pollution and clinical dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis Elissa H Wilker, Marwa Osman, Marc G Weisskopf BMJ 2023; 381 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071620 (Published 05 April 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;381:e071620 Abstract Objective To investigate the role of air pollutants in risk of dementia, considering differences by study factors that could influence findings. Design Systematic review and meta-anal...

Research Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review Yin Huang, Zeyu Chen, Bo Chen, et al BMJ 2023; 381 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071609 (Published 05 April 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;381:e071609 Abstract Objective To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary sugar consumption and health outcomes. Design Umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. Data sources&n...

Sepsis Through the Lens of Complexity Theory Sepsis is a complex and dysregulated state involving various factors, including pathogens, host response, organ failure, and medical interventions. Despite this complexity, the necessary concepts, approaches, and methods to understand sepsis are underappreciated. In a recent review, the authors highlight the need to understand sepsis through the lens of complexity theory. Complex systems science aims to understand sys...

Research Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis Giorgio Karam, Arnav Agarwal, Behnam Sadeghirad, et al BMJ 2023; 380 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072003 (Published 29 March 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;380:e072003 Abstract Objective To determine the relative efficacy of structured nam...

Research Communication of anticancer drug benefits and related uncertainties to patients and clinicians: document analysis of regulated information on prescription drugs in Europe Courtney Davis, Anita K Wagner, Maximilian Salcher-Konrad, et al BMJ 2023; 380 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-073711 (Published 29 March 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;380:e073711 Abstract Objective To evaluate the frequency with which relevant and accurate information ab...

Research Letter  May 2, 2023 Body Mass Index and Risk of Hospitalization or Death Due to Lower or Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Bastian Bohrmann, M. Sofia Massa, Stephanie Ross, et al JAMA. 2023;329(17):1512-1514. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.2619 High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases.1 In addition, high BMI has been associated with severe COVID-19; however, associations with other severe infectiou...