Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury and the Circadian Clock Patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often require mechanical ventilation (MV) as a life-saving intervention. However, mechanical ventilation can aggravate lung injury, leading to a condition known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Although using low tidal volume (VT) ventilation has become the standard in clinical practice for patients with ARDS, lung-protective ventila...

Research Letter  October 30, 2023 Gender Gap in Leadership of Clinical Trials Ithai Waldhorn, David Bomze, Irit Ben-Aharon, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online October 30, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5104 Clinical trials provide the highest-quality evidence and remain the bedrock for clinical decision-making. They require participation of numerous patients, enormous resources, and substantial fu...

Consensus Statement  Infectious Diseases July 31, 2023 Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis in Adults: A WikiGuidelines Group Consensus Statement Emily G. McDonald, Gloria Aggrey, Abdullah Tarık Aslan, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(7):e2326366. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.26366 Key Points Question  Using the WikiGuidelines approach to the construct of clinical...

Corticosteroids in Severe CAP Corticosteroid use in the care of critically ill patients has been the subject of ongoing research with conflicting findings. There is a growing interest in understanding their role in treating a common source of sepsis: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Some studies have focused on determining whether corticosteroids provide clinical benefits to patients with the most severe clinical presentation and highest mortality rate of C...

Research Effect of invitation letter in language of origin on screening attendance: randomised controlled trial in BreastScreen Norway Solveig Hofvind, Nadia Iqbal, Jonas E Thy, et al BMJ 2023; 382 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-075465 (Published 19 September 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;382:e075465 Abstract Objective To explore attendance at organised mammographic screening among immigrant groups that received an invitation letter and informatio...

ORIGINAL RESEARCH|ARTICLES IN PRESS Epidemiology and clinical patterns of Lung Abscesses in ICU: A French multicenter retrospective study Vinca Montmeat, Vincent Bonny, Tomas Urbina, et al Chest Published:August 28, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.020 Abstract Background Data are scarce regarding epidemiology and management of critically ill patients with lung abscesses. Research question What are the clinical and microbiologica...

ORIGINAL RESEARCH|ARTICLES IN PRESS Oxygen therapy in patients with intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized trial Deisy Barrios, Diego Durán, Carmen Rodríguez, et al Chest Published:September 15, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.09.007 ABSTRACT Background The effect of supplemental oxygen therapy in patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) who do not have hypoxemia at baseline is uncertain. Research Ques...

Levels of Intensive Care and In-Hospital Mortality in Sepsis Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysfunctional response to infection. It is a significant global health issue, with approximately 48.9 million cases and 11 million deaths annually. Sepsis accounts for nearly 30% of all ICU admissions worldwide. Previous studies have reported varying prevalence rates of ICU-treated sepsis, ranging from 58 to 80 cases per 100,000 person-years, highlighting...

ORIGINAL RESEARCH|ARTICLES IN PRESS Comparative effectiveness of first-line and alternative antibiotic regimens in hospitalized patients with non-severe community acquired pneumonia: A multi-centre retrospective cohort study Anthony D. Bai, Siddhartha Srivastava, Benjamin KC. Wong, et al Chest Published:August 10, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.008 Abstract Background There are several antibiotic regimens to treat community-acquired ...

JOURNAL ARTICLE Burden of Respiratory Viruses in Children Less Than 2 Years Old in a Community-based Longitudinal US Birth Cohort  Zheyi Teoh,  Shannon Conrey,  Monica McNeal,  et al Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 77, Issue 6, 15 September 2023, Pages 901–909 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad289 Abstract Background Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. Nevertheless, the population burde...