Infection in ECMO Patients The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has risen significantly as a rescue therapy for respiratory issues, including those caused by viral infections. Patients on ECMO frequently experience complications like thrombotic events and major bleeding, which are considered ECMO-related issues. However, infections are typically attributed to the patient's underlying condition rather than ECMO itself. A literature search was con...

Research Letter  January 11, 2024 Mortality Due to Hyperglycemic Crises in the US, 1999-2022 Matthew A. Crane, Audrey Lam, Emil Ekanayake, et al JAMA. Published online January 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.26174 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state are 2 forms of hyperglycemic crisis presenting as acute complications of diabetes. These conditions represent a substantial source o...

Editor's Note  January 8, 2024 Protecting Patients by Reducing Diagnostic Error Grace Y. Zhang, Cary P. Gross JAMA Intern Med. Published online January 8, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.7334 Almost a decade after the release of “Improving Diagnosis in Health Care,” the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report that highlighted the imperative to improve the diagnostic process in health care, diagnostic errors conti...

Medical News & Perspectives  January 12, 2024 As COVID-19 Cases Surge, Here’s What to Know About JN.1, the Latest SARS-CoV-2 “Variant of Interest” Rita Rubin JAMA. Published online January 12, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27841 Parents often bask in the glow of their children’s accomplishments, so if SARS-CoV-2 variants were like people, BA.2.86 would be busting its buttons right about now. BA.2.86’s spawn, JN.1, has become the domi...

Original Investigation  January 8, 2024 Diagnostic Errors in Hospitalized Adults Who Died or Were Transferred to Intensive Care Andrew D. Auerbach, Tiffany M. Lee, Colin C. Hubbard, et al JAMA Intern Med. Published online January 8, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.7347 Key Points Question  How often do diagnostic errors happen in adult patients who are transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) or die in the hospital, what...

Uncovering Heterogeneity in Sepsis Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite progress in understanding its underlying mechanisms, there's no specific successful treatment for sepsis. Precision therapy is needed, and understanding the heterogeneity of sepsis is crucial. Recent methods have attempted to measure sepsis heterogeneity using various computational approaches on clinical, biomarker, or gene expre...

Original Investigation  June 12, 2023 Evaluation of Oseltamivir Used to Prevent Hospitalization in Outpatients With Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Ryan Hanula, Émilie Bortolussi-Courval, Arielle Mendel, et al JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(1):18-27. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0699 Key Points Question  Is the administration of oseltamivir to adult and adolescent outpatients with confirmed influenza associated with a reduced...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, E45-E54, JANUARY 2024 Oral swabs with a rapid molecular diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and children: a systematic review E Chandler Church, Karen R Steingart, Gerard A Cangelosi, et al Lancet Global Health 2024; 12: E45-E54 Published:January, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00469-2 Summary Background Tuberculosis is a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, but diagno...

Inflammatory subphenotypes in patients at risk of ARDS: evidence from the LIPS-A trial Redaelli, S., von Wedel, D., Fosset, M. et al Intensive Care Med 49, 1499–1507 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-023-07244-z Abstract Purpose Latent class analysis (LCA) has identified hyper- and non-hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is unknown how early inflammatory subphenotypes can be identified in pat...

Redefining Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has been known for over a century but was officially described in 1967. Despite revisions in its definition, there's ongoing debate about whether ARDS is a distinct medical condition. The current diagnostic criteria for ARDS are challenging to apply in clinical practice, so standardising the assessment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement is needed for more personalised...