Editor's Note  March 4, 2024 Judicious Use of Rapid Viral Tests in Emergency Departments Lona Mody JAMA Intern Med. Published online March 4, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0044 Acute viral illnesses are common, pervasive, and burdensome to patients, families, and health care systems.1Patients often present to emergency departments (EDs), which is followed by extensive diagnostic investigations, such as blood tests, cultures, ...

Original Investigation  Nephrology March 8, 2024 Recovery Dynamics and Prognosis After Dialysis for Acute Kidney Injury Heng-Chih Pan, Hsing-Yu Chen, Nai-Chi Teng, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(3):e240351. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0351 Key Points Question  Are baseline kidney function, acute kidney disease (AKD) severity, and post-AKD kidney function associated with adverse outcomes in...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 5, ISSUE 3, E235-E246, MARCH 2024 SARS-CoV-2 shedding and evolution in patients who were immunocompromised during the omicron period: a multicentre, prospective analysis Zoe Raglow, Diya Surie, James D Chappell, et al Lancet Microbe 2024; 5: E235-E246 Published: January 26, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00336-1 Summary Background Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections in people who are immunocompromised might predict or sou...

Hydrocortisone Plus Fludrocortisone for CAP-Related Septic Shock In a subgroup analysis of the Activated Protein C and Corticosteroids for Human Septic Shock (APROCCHSS) trial, researchers aimed to explore the effects of hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone on patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) compared to those with non-CAP-related septic shock. The goal was to determine whether glucocorticoids would improve outcomes in these patients.  The AP...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 5, ISSUE 3, E247-E260, MARCH 2024Download Full Issue Lower respiratory tract single-cell RNA sequencing and neutrophil extracellular trap profiling of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a single centre, retrospective, observational study Simon Feys, Sam Vanmassenhove, Sirima Kraisin, et al Lancet Microbe 2024; 5: E247-E260 Published:January 24, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00368-3 Summary Background COVID-...

Original Investigation  Infectious Diseases March 4, 2024 Propensity Score-Weighted Analysis of Postoperative Infection in Patients With and Without Preoperative Urine Culture William J. O’Brien, Marin L. Schweizer, Judith Strymish, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(3):e240900. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0900 Key Points Question  Is the practice of preoperative urine culture associated with reduced risk of postoperative urina...

qSOFA With suPAR for Risk Detection, Antibiotic Treatment Guidance Early recognition and initiation of antibiotics are crucial in managing sepsis. Various warning scores, including qSOFA (quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), have been introduced to aid early detection. Patients with suspected infection and at least two of the qSOFA clinical signs are at a significantly higher risk of death after 28 days. However, managing patients with only one qSOFA point r...

Original Investigation  Infectious Diseases March 6, 2024 Diagnostic Stewardship in Community-Acquired Pneumonia With Syndromic Molecular Testing: A Randomized Clinical Trial Dagfinn L. Markussen, Sondre Serigstad, Christian Ritz, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(3):e240830. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0830 Key Points Question  Does the judicious use of a syndromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based panel for rapid testing...

Invited Commentary  March 4, 2024 Enhancing Quality and Safety in Critical Care—Challenges and Strategies for Central Venous Catheters Elie A. Saade, Francis T. Lytle, Peter J. Pronovost JAMA Intern Med. Published online March 4, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8243 Central venous catheters (CVCs) are widely used in US critical care settings, providing essential functions such as medication administration, hemodynamic monitoring, and rel...

Cell-Based Therapies for ARDS  Cell-based therapies, particularly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), hold significant promise for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). MSCs exhibit therapeutic effects such as reducing inflammation, improving lung function, and promoting tissue repair. These cells can be sourced from different tissues, affecting their ease of harvest and potential effects. Over 1,000 clinical trials involving MSCs are registered, wi...