Decoding the Cytokine Storm in Sepsis Sepsis is a prominent cause of mortality in ICUs. Despite extensive research on the dynamics leading to sepsis, the role of cytokines—immune system molecules that can cause substantial harm to the body—has remained inadequately understood. While these proteins typically regulate inflammation, an overly aggressive immune response can result in a cytokine storm, leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and, ultimately, death. ...

SPECIAL ARTICLE Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Glycemic Control for Critically Ill Children and Adults 2024: Executive Summary Honarmand, Kimia; Sirimaturos, Michael; Hirshberg, Eliotte L.; et al Critical Care Medicine 52(4):p 649-655, April 2024. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS Adult Target Question: Should insulin infusion therapy be titrated to achieve INT glucose levels, 4.4–7.7 mmol/L (80–139 mg/dL) or CONV glucose levels, 7.8–11.1 mmol/L (1...

Original Investigation  Infectious Diseases February 27, 2024 Female Sex and Mortality in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Annette C. Westgeest, Merel M. C. Lambregts, Felicia Ruffin, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e240473. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0473 Key Points Question  Is female sex associated with increased mortality risk in patients with Staphylococcus a...

Editorial  March 19, 2024 Postmarketing Vaccine Safety Assessments: Important Work in Progress Kathryn M. Edwards, Marie R. Griffin JAMA. 2024;331(11):915-917. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.26630 After the initial randomized clinical trials and emergency use authorization of the COVID-19 vaccines by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the FDA undertook ext...

Research Letter  March 18, 2024 Comparative Analysis of Multimodal Large Language Model Performance on Clinical Vignette Questions Tianyu Han, Lisa C. Adams, Keno K. Bressem, et al JAMA. Published online March 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27861 Large language models (LLMs) have attracted attention for their ability to process text and other complex content.1,2 In medicine, an LLM-based advisory chat agent could assist in research, educatio...

AI-Driven Model Redefines Right Heart Health Assessment In a ground-breaking study, researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have employed artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the evaluation of the heart's right ventricle, responsible for pumping blood to the lungs. The study is published in the Journal of the American Heart Association. Utilising AI-enabled electrocardiogram (AI-ECG) analysis, the study reveals that electrocardiograms can...

Original Investigation  March 19, 2024 Stroke Risk After COVID-19 Bivalent Vaccination Among US Older Adults Yun Lu, Kathryn Matuska, Gita Nadimpalli, et al JAMA. 2024;331(11):938-950. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.1059 Key Points Question  Among adults aged 65 years or older, is the risk of stroke elevated in a time period immediately after administration of either brand of a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine compared with a later time period? ...

Editorials Cancer trends in the UK Freddie Bray BMJ 2024; 384 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q504 (Published 13 March 2024)Cite this as: BMJ 2024;384:q504 Grounds for optimism but warning signs must not be ignored Cancer is a major public health problem in the UK, and in most high income countries. The disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women, and one in four people die prematurely from it at ages 30-69 years.1 A comprehensive asse...

Original Investigation  March 18, 2024 Video Laryngoscopy vs Direct Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Intubation in the Operating Room: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial Kurt Ruetzler, Sergio Bustamante, Marc T. Schmidt, et al JAMA. Published online March 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0762 Key Points Question  What is the effect of initial video laryngoscopy or direct laryngoscopy on number of intubation attempts in patients bein...

Invited Commentary  March 13, 2024 Standardizing Resident Assessment and Competency—Milestones Matter Amanda C. Filiberto, Amalia Cochran JAMA Surg. Published online March 13, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0045 Smith et al1 present findings from an observational cohort study of early-career vascular surgeons and patient outcomes following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), where lower mean Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical E...