JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis  December 21, 2023 Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Diseases Marie M. Altenburg, Andrew M. Davis, Jeanne M. DeCara JAMA. Published online December 21, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23668 Guideline title 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease Release date December 13, 2022 Developer American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA)...

Original Investigation  December 26, 2023 Changes in Hospital Adverse Events and Patient Outcomes Associated With Private Equity Acquisition Sneha Kannan, Joseph Dov Bruch, Zirui Song JAMA. 2023;330(24):2365-2375. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23147 Key Points Question  How do quality of care and patient outcomes change after private equity acquisition of hospitals? Findings  In a difference-in-differences examination of 662...

Invited Commentary  December 13, 2023 Surgery, Anesthesia, and TBI Outcomes—Unraveling the Complex Interplay Caitlin R. Collins, Andre Campbell JAMA Surg. Published online December 13, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6371 In their study “Extracranial Surgery and Functional and Cognitive Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study,”1 Roberts et al shed crucial light on the potential risks associated with e...

Research Letter  Climate Change and Health December 21, 2023 Body Core Temperature After Foot Immersion and Neck Cooling in Older Adults Exposed to Extreme Heat Robert D. Meade, Emma R. McCourt, James J. McCormick, et al JAMA. Published online December 21, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24417 As heat waves increase in regularity and severity, sustainable cooling interventions for preventing heat-related mortality and morbidity are needed.1&nb...

Sleep and Circadian Disruption in the ICU Sleep measurement in critically ill patients remains a barrier for large studies on ICU sleep and circadian disruption (SCD). The gold standard, polysomnography, is difficult to interpret due to factors like medications and complex illnesses. While portable, wearable devices have improved sleep and circadian function measures, challenges persist for bedside utility, including cost, feasibility, tolerance, and interpretabili...

Invited Commentary  December 18, 2023 Daily Toothbrushing to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia—Brushing Away the Risk Rupak Datta JAMA Intern Med. Published online December 18, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6807 Often overlooked and understudied, oral care is critical to health, quality of life, and prevention of infection such as hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). HAP is classified into ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and ...

Original Investigation  January 21, 2024 Development and Validation of the Phoenix Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock L. Nelson Sanchez-Pinto, Tellen D. Bennett, Peter E. DeWitt, et al JAMA. Published online January 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0196 Key Points Question  What are the best-performing organ dysfunction–based criteria to implement the definition of sepsis and septic shock in children with suspected inf...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient January 21, 2024 International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock Luregn J. Schlapbach, R. Scott Watson, Lauren R. Sorce, et al JAMA. Published online January 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0179 Key Points Question  How should children with suspected infection at higher risk of mortality, indicative of sepsis, be identified? Findings &...

Association of Active Renin Content With Mortality Sepsis affects 1.7 million patients annually, with a mortality rate of 10–50%. Current biomarkers like WBC count, lactate, and blood cultures have variable impacts on prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that circulating renin is proposed as a more predictive biomarker for septic shock outcomes than lactate.  The Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS) trial is a randomised, double-blind, adapti...

Original Investigation  November 29, 2023 Surgeon Sex and Health Care Costs for Patients Undergoing Common Surgical Procedures Christopher J. D. Wallis, Angela Jerath, Khatereh Aminoltejari, et al JAMA Surg. Published online November 29, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6031 Key Points Question  Is there an association between surgeon sex and costs of surgical care? Findings  In this...