Editorials Use of generative artificial intelligence in medical research Nazrul Islam, Mihaela van der Schaar BMJ 2024; 384 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q119 (Published 31 January 2024)Cite this as: BMJ 2024;384:q119 Policies must be standardised to ensure accountability and maintain public trust Among the most groundbreaking advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) is the emergence of generative AI. These models, ...

COMMENT|ONLINE FIRST Bacterial antimicrobial resistance burden in Africa: accuracy, action, and alternatives Sabiha Y Essack, Annick Lenglet Lancet Glob Health Published: December 19, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00587-9 Understanding the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), detecting potential hospital outbreaks due to multidrug resistant-bacteria, and monitoring local, regional, and global trends of bacterial resistance for the earl...

Just Published: The HOT-COVID Clinical Trial - ISICEM 2024 In ICU Tue, 19 Mar 2024 Findings from the HOT-COVID Randomised Clinical Trial, just published in JAMA, were presented at #ISICEM24.  COVID-19 pneumonia often leads to hypoxaemic respiratory failure, necessitating high levels of supplemental oxygen and intensive care. Previous recommendations suggested maintaining peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo2) between 90% and 96%. However, uncertai...

Editorial  March 19, 2024 Your Mileage May Vary: Toward Personalized Oxygen Supplementation Derek C. Angus JAMA. Published online March 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0972 When car makers tout standard emission tests to demonstrate their car’s fuel efficiency, they must disclose that the results are just estimates and that a prospective buyer’s experience may differ.1 The phrase. “your mileage may vary” is used to acknowledge that the a...

Individualised Oxygen Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Using Machine Learning New findings were presented at ISICEM 2024 evaluating a machine learning model to predict individualised treatment effects using two temporally and geographically distinct clincial trials of lower vs higher oxygen targets in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.  Mechanical ventilation involves titrating the fraction of inspired o...

Original Investigation  February 6, 2024 Neonatal Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy Mikael Norman, Maria C. Magnus, Jonas Söderling, et al JAMA. 2024;331(5):396-407. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.26945 Key Points Question  Does exposure to mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy increase the risk of adverse events in newborn infants? Findings  In this population-based cohort study from Sweden and Norway tha...

Host Gene Expression Signatures in Children Evaluated for Sepsis Findings presented at #ISICEM24 show that novel host transcriptomic signatures specific for bacterial and viral infection in children evaluated for sepsis can identify dysregulated host response leading to organ dysfunction.  The goal of the study was to create gene expression signatures in children with bacterial or viral infections to predict organ dysfunction, as current biomarkers for seps...

Editorial  March 19, 2024 Oxygen Supplementation in COVID-19—How Much Is Enough? Richard M. Schwartzstein JAMA. Published online March 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.2935 Humans are aerobic animals; we need oxygen to support metabolism and generate energy. Simply put, breathing oxygen is necessary for life. Consequently, it would make sense that diseases that inhibit the transfer of oxygen from the lung to the blood should be treat...

Safe Application of Early Active Mobilisation - ISICEM 2024 Findings from a systematic review on early mobilisation were presetned at #ISICEM24. The findings were just published in Lancet Respiratory Medicine.  Recent clinical practice guidelines have incorporated mobilisation during critical illness. Yet, findings from a significant randomised trial and systematic review suggest a higher likelihood of adverse events and mortality in patients receiving earl...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient March 19, 2024 Individualized Treatment Effects of Oxygen Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adults Kevin G. Buell, Alexandra B. Spicer, Jonathan D. Casey, et al JAMA. Published online March 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.2933 Key Points Question  Among critically ill adults, do the effects of peripheral oxygen-saturation (Spo2) targets on outcomes d...