Original Investigation  Statistics and Research Methods May 22, 2024 Assessing the Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials With Large Language Models Honghao Lai, Long Ge, Mingyao Sun, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(5):e2412687. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12687 Key Points Question  Are large language models reliable for assessing risk of bias (ROB) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs)? Findings  In this sur...

Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia In ICU Fri, 19 Apr 2024 Emerging evidence highlights the potential advantages of employing anti-inflammatory therapies like macrolide antibiotics and corticosteroids in managing severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although their use remains a subject of debate, recent findings indicate improved clinical outcomes, and support the adoption of a tailored approach that emphasises person...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Andexanet for Factor Xa Inhibitor–Associated Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stuart J. Connolly, Mukul Sharma, Alexander T. Cohen, et al N Engl J Med 2024;390:1745-1755 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2313040 Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage who are receiving factor Xa inhibitors have a risk of hematoma expansion. The effect of andexanet alfa, an agent that reverses the effects of factor Xa inhibitors, on hematoma vo...

Research Letter  May 22, 2024 Learning Curve for Robotic-Assisted Cholecystectomy Kyle H. Sheetz, Jyothi R. Thumma, Stanley Kalata, et al JAMA Surg. Published online May 22, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1221 During the past decade, robotic-assisted cholecystectomy use has increased more than 30-fold across the United States.1 Surgeons gravitated toward this approach for numerous reasons, including promise that the new technology will ...

Original Investigation  Pathology and Laboratory Medicine May 22, 2024 Use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Interpretation of Pathology Reports Eric Steimetz, Jeremy Minkowitz, Elmer C. Gabutan, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(5):e2412767. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12767 Key Points Question  Can artificial intelligence chatbots accurately simplify pathology reports so that patients can easily understand them? Find...

Dealing With Uncertainty in ICU Decision-Making: A Practical Guide In ICU Fri, 19 Apr 2024 When the stakes are high, and the path ahead is uncertain, the decisions made, especially if a patient continues to worsen, can be sources of self-torment and can haunt us for a long time. Our goal is to suggest ways to steer decision-making for intensivists in the face of uncertainty by proposing a clear, practical, stepwise approach through the creation of a new al...

Research Letter  April 24, 2024 Characteristics of X (Formerly Twitter) Community Notes Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Matthew R. Allen, Nimit Desai, Aiden Namazi, et al JAMA. 2024;331(19):1670-1672. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4800 Social media can magnify health misinformation, especially about vaccination.1 Platform countermeasures have included censoring, shadowbanning (limiting distribution w...

Research Letter  April 22, 2024 Preoperative GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Risk of Postoperative Respiratory Complications Anjali A. Dixit, Brian T. Bateman, Mary T. Hawn, et al JAMA. 2024;331(19):1672-1673. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.5003 In June 2023, the American Society of Anesthesiologists issued guidelines recommending preoperative withholding of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs),1 ...

Original Investigation  April 22, 2024 Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments Joshua D. Wallach, Samuel Yoon, Harry Doernberg, et al JAMA. 2024;331(19):1646-1654. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4175 Key Points Question  What is the strength of association between surrogate markers used as primary end points in clinical trials to support Fo...

INSPIRE Trial: Improving Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia In ICU Thu, 25 Apr 2024 Over 1.5 million adults are hospitalised in the U.S. each year due to pneumonia, with about half of them receiving unnecessary extended-spectrum antibiotics. This overuse contributes to the risk of antibiotic resistance and other adverse effects. Current strategies to improve antibiotic prescribing mainly focus on shortening the duration or de-escalating antib...