ONLINE FIRST (FREE ACCESS) LATEST ARTICLES OriginalsLong-term outcomes of dexamethasone 12 mg versus 6 mg in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemiaGranholm A. et al. Development and validation of early prediction models for new-onset functional impairment at hospital discharge of ICU admissionOhbe H. et al. Diarrhea during critical illness: a multicenter cohort studyDionne J.C. et al. Long-term mortality and health-related quality of life of lower ver...

Original Investigation March 8, 2022 Predictive Accuracy of a Perioperative Laboratory Test–Based Prediction Model for Moderate to Severe Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery Sevag Demirjian, C. Allen Bashour, Andrew Shaw, et al JAMA. 2022;327(10):956-964. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1751 Key Points Question  Can a model be developed based on perioperative metabolic panel laboratory values to predict the risk of acute kidney injury (...

Original Investigation May 4, 2022 Effect of Early vs Standard Approach to Tracheostomy on Functional Outcome at 6 Months Among Patients With Severe Stroke Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: The SETPOINT2 Randomized Clinical Trial Julian Bösel, Wolf-Dirk Niesen, Farid Salih, et al JAMA. Published online May 4, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4798 Key Points Question  Among patients with severe ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke receiving mec...

Editorial April 7, 2022 Selecting Intermediate Respiratory Support Following Extubation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Christopher M. Horvat, Martha A. Q. Curley, Timothy D. Girard JAMA. Published online April 7, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4637 Prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with considerable morbidity among critically ill children, including secondary infections, exposure to potentially neurotoxic sedatives, and ...

ORIGINAL ARTICLEFREE PREVIEW Nasal High-Flow Therapy during Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation Kate A. Hodgson, Louise S. Owen, C. Omar F. Kamlin, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1627-1637DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2116735 Abstract BACKGROUND Neonatal endotracheal intubation often involves more than one attempt, and oxygen desaturation is common. It is unclear whether nasal high-flow therapy, which extends the time to desaturation during elective intubation in childr...

Original Investigation Caring for the Critically Ill PatientApril 7, 2022 Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Following Extubation on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Critically Ill ChildrenA Randomized Clinical Trial Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Alvin Richards-Belle, Laura Drikite, et al JAMA. Published online April 7, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.3367 Key Points Question  In critically ...

PICU Patients At-Risk for PARDS Approximately 2-4% of patients admitted to PICUs suffer from paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). PARDS has a mortality rate of nearly 20% and has no specific treatment. Identifying children at risk of developing PARDS could potentially result in more targeted therapies to prevent disease progression and improve patient outcomes.  Children At Risk for PARDS (ARF-PARDS) are identified using criteria establis...

Original Investigation March 8, 2022 Association of Tropical Cyclones With County-Level Mortality in the US Robbie M. Parks, Jaime Benavides, G. Brooke Anderson, et al JAMA. 2022;327(10):946-955. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1682 Key Points Question  In the US from 1988-2018, were tropical cyclones associated with increases in county-level cause-specific death rates in subsequent months? Findings  In this retrospective observa...

ORIGINAL ARTICLEFREE PREVIEW Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss Deying Liu, Yan Huang, Chensihan Huang, et al N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1495-1504DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114833 Abstract BACKGROUND The long-term efficacy and safety of time-restricted eating for weight loss are not clear. METHODS We randomly assigned 139 patients with obesity to time-restricted eating (eating only between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.) with c...

CORRESPONDENCE Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with Covid-19 at Home — A Pragmatic, Randomized Trial Kathleen C. Lee, Anna U. Morgan, Krisda H. Chaiyachati, et al N Engl J Med April 6, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2201541 TO THE EDITOR: Reports of silent hypoxia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have raised the question of whether patients should use pulse oximeters at home to measure oxygen saturation rather than relying on subjective dy...