EDITORIAL Acute Hepatitis in Children in 2022 — Human Adenovirus 41? Saul J. Karpen N Engl J Med July 13, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2208409 Acute hepatitis in children is certainly not new, and it can be worrisome. Successful worldwide vaccination campaigns over the past few decades have led to demonstrable improvements in public health and well-being by reducing the incidence and consequences of two viral causes — hepatitis A and B viruses. Many other viruses, so...

Original Investigation  July 19, 2022 Effect of 4% Albumin Solution vs Ringer Acetate on Major Adverse Events in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Clinical Trial Eero Pesonen, Hanna Vlasov, Raili Suojaranta, et al JAMA. 2022;328(3):251-258. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.10461 Key Points Question  Does use of 4% albumin solution compared with Ringer acetate as cardiopulmonary bypass prime and pe...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost immunisation with an orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV after two-dose priming with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomised, open-label, single-centre trial Jing-Xin Li, Shi-Po Wu, Xi-Ling Guo, et al Lancet Respir Med Published:May 20, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00087-X Summary Background Due to waning immunity and protection again...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Clinical Spectrum of Children with Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Cause Chayarani Kelgeri, Michael Couper, Girish L. Gupte, et al N Engl J Med July 13, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206704 Abstract BACKGROUND Since January 2022, there has been an increase in reports of cases of acute hepatitis of unknown cause in children. Although cases have been reported across multiple continents, most have been reported in the United Kingdom. Investigations ar...

ARTICLES|ONLINE FIRST Fast multiplex bacterial PCR of bronchoalveolar lavage for antibiotic stewardship in hospitalised patients with pneumonia at risk of Gram-negative bacterial infection (Flagship II): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial Andrei M Darie, Nina Khanna, Kathleen Jahn, et al Lancet Respir Med Published:May 23, 2022 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00086-8 Summary Background PCR-based testing has transformed the management...

Editorial Published: 13 May 2022 Corticosteroids for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a story without an ending Bram Rochwerg  Intensive Care Medicine (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06699-w Regardless of pathogen, lower respiratory tract infection is associated with profound host response leading to altered permeability of the alveolar capillary membrane due to complex systemic and pulmonary inflammatory/immune responses [1,2,3]. As such, var...

ARTICLES| VOLUME 10, ISSUE 6, P557-565, JUNE 01, 2022 Comparative vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time in US hospital administrative data: a case-control study Bill J Wright, Samuel Tideman, George A Diaz, et al Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10: 557-565 Summary Background Research suggests the protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines might wane over time, prompting consideration of booster vaccinations. Data on which vaccines o...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Case Series of Children with Acute Hepatitis and Human Adenovirus Infection L. Helena Gutierrez Sanchez, Henry Shiau, Julia M. Baker, et al N Engl J Med July 13, 2022DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206294 Abstract BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses typically cause self-limited respiratory, gastrointestinal, and conjunctival infections in healthy children. In late 2021 and early 2022, several previously healthy children were identified with acute hepati...

Should We Wean Patients off Vasopressors before Weaning Them off Ventilation? Xavier Monnet Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205: 980-981 Failed extubation and subsequent reintubation are independently associated with mortality and morbidity of patients under mechanical ventilation (1). This is the reason why, before starting the weaning process, one carefully waits until the patient has reached a sufficient degree of autonomy (2). Among the criteria used to ensur...

Original Published: 13 May 2022 Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial Adrien Bouglé, Sophie Tuffet, Laura Federici, et al Intensive Care Med 13 May 2022 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06690-5 Abstract Purpose Compared to long duration of antibiotic therapy, a short duration has a comparable clinical efficac...