Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient June 14, 2024 Dapagliflozin for Critically Ill Patients With Acute Organ Dysfunction: The DEFENDER Randomized Clinical Trial Caio A. M. Tavares, Luciano C. P. Azevedo, Álvaro Rea-Neto, et al JAMA. Published online June 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10510 Key Points Question  Does the addition of dapagliflozin to standard of care improve the hierarchical outcome of...

Unravelling the Role of HIF-1α in Sepsis In Sepsis Tue, 2 Apr 2024 A recent review explores the crucial role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the development and progression of sepsis.  Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a protein complex consisting of a constitutively expressed subunit β and an oxygen-dependent subunit α. HIF-1α is associated with acute hypoxia and regulates glycolytic genes, oxygen consumption, and reactive oxygen sp...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Alexis F. Turgeon, Dean A. Fergusson, Lucy Clayton, et al N Engl J Med Published June 13, 2024 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2404360 Abstract BACKGROUND The effect of a liberal transfusion strategy as compared with a restrictive strategy on outcomes in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury is unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned adults with m...

Original Investigation  Cardiology April 30, 2024 Accuracy of Event Rate and Effect Size Estimation in Major Cardiovascular Trials: A Systematic Review Christoph B. Olivier, Lasse Struß, Nathalie Sünnen, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(4):e248818. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8818 Key Points Question  How accurate are estimated event rates and effect sizes in contemporary cardiovascular rand...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Noninvasive Ventilation for Preoxygenation during Emergency Intubation Kevin W. Gibbs, Matthew W. Semler, Brian E. Driver, et al N Engl J Med Published June 13, 2024 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2313680 Abstract BACKGROUND Among critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation, hypoxemia increases the risk of cardiac arrest and death. The effect of preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation, as compared with preoxygenation with an oxygen m...

Ventilator-Associated Brain Injury - A Priority for Research in Mechanical Ventilation In ICU Tue, 2 Apr 2024 Mechanical ventilation can lead to complications like ventilator-induced lung injury and ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. However, there may be other forms of ventilator-associated issues that require understanding to improve outcomes for patients on mechanical ventilation. In particular, ventilator-associated brain injury (VABI) shoul...

ONLINE FIRST (FREE ACCESS) LATEST ARTICLES EditorialMonitoring esophageal pressurePiquilloud L., Beitler J. B. and Beloncle F. M. Management of the brain-dead donor in the intensive care unitGunst J. and Souter M. J. Noninvasive neuromonitoring in acute brain injured patientsBrasil S., Chesnut R. and Robba C. Serial lactate measurements to guide resuscitation: more evidence not to?Legrand M., van der Horst I. C. C. and De Jong A. Navigating complex inter...

Original Investigation  Infectious Diseases April 30, 2024 Testing an Intervention to Improve Health Care Worker Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial  Lisa S. Meredith, Sangeeta Ahluwalia, Peggy G. Chen, et al JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(4):e244192. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4192 Key Points Question  Did Stress First Aid, a peer-to-peer support i...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Early Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD and Asthma — A Randomized, Controlled Trial Shawn D. Aaron, Katherine L. Vandemheen, G. Alex Whitmore, et al N Engl J Med 2024;390:2061-2073 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401389 Abstract BACKGROUND Many persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma have not received a diagnosis, so their respiratory symptoms remain largely untreated. METHODS We used a case-finding method to ident...

Original Investigation  Caring for the Critically Ill Patient June 12, 2024 Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz, Naomi E. Hammond, Stephen J. Brett, et al JAMA. Published online June 12, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9803 Key Points Question  Does the administration of β-lactam antibiotics by prolonged infusion...