{"id":30823,"date":"2026-07-17T04:02:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T20:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/?p=30823"},"modified":"2026-07-17T06:00:18","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T22:00:18","slug":"lancet-microbe%e5%8f%91%e8%a1%a8%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e6%b3%95%e5%9b%bd%e8%82%9d%e7%a7%bb%e6%a4%8d%e5%8f%97%e4%bd%93%e7%9a%84%e4%be%b5%e8%a2%ad%e6%80%a7%e6%9b%b2%e9%9c%89%e8%8f%8c%e7%97%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/?p=30823","title":{"rendered":"[Lancet Microbe\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587]\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u809d\u79fb\u690d\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u4fb5\u88ad\u6027\u66f2\u9709\u83cc\u75c5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Articles<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients in France (2007\u201321): a nationwide, retrospective, matched case\u2013control study<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Coralie\u00a0Le Hyaric,\u00a0Cl\u00e9a\u00a0Melenotte,\u00a0Fran\u00e7ois\u00a0Lefebvre, et al<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lancet Microbe 2026; 7: 101272<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101272\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Background<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Invasive aspergillosis is a rare but severe complication of liver transplantation. Incidence varies from 1\u00b72% to 5\u00b76% and mortality is greater than 50%. Few studies have investigated this complication. We aimed to describe cases of, and identify the factors associated with, invasive aspergillosis occurrence and mortality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This nationwide, retrospective, matched case\u2013control study included cases of invasive aspergillosis occurring after liver transplantation between Jan 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2021, matched 1:1 on centre and transplantation period to control individuals without invasive aspergillosis across 15 liver transplantation centres in France. Cases were patients aged 18 years or older who presented with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis. The matched control was the next patient who received a transplant at the same transplantation centre after the case. Cases were retrospectively identified in each centre using the mycology laboratory database and the French Medicalised Information System Programme. Data were retrieved from hospital charts. The primary outcome was the identification of risk factors associated with the development of invasive aspergillosis following liver transplantation. Multivariable analysis using conditional logistic regression with a random effect for study centres was done to establish risk factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Findings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Among 14\u2009332 liver transplantations, 196 recipients with invasive aspergillosis (62 [32%] female and 134 [68%] male) were identified and matched with 196 control individuals (54 [28%] female and 142 [73%] male). Invasive aspergillosis occurred at a median of 29 days (IQR 7\u2013173) after liver transplantation. Risk factors for developing invasive aspergillosis were history of chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio 4\u00b713 [95% CI 2\u00b735\u20137\u00b724]), liver transplantation for acute liver disease (3\u00b741 [1\u00b744\u20138\u00b706]), post-liver transplantation renal replacement therapy (3\u00b782 [1\u00b796\u20137\u00b742]), and post-liver transplantation vasopressor support for longer than 24 h (2\u00b782 [1\u00b770\u20134\u00b768]).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Table 1. Characteristics of cases and controls at time of liver transplantation and post-operative complications in a univariable analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Empty Cell<\/td>Cases (n=196)<\/th>Controls (n=196)<\/th>OR (CI 95%)<\/th>p value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Age at liver transplantation, years<\/th>54 (10\u00b76)<\/td>53 (11\u00b78)<\/td>1\u00b701 (0\u00b799\u20131\u00b702)<\/td>0\u00b750<\/td><\/tr>
Sex<\/th><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 Male<\/th>134 (68%)<\/td>142 (73%)<\/td>1\u00b720 (0\u00b779\u20131\u00b783)<\/td>0\u00b739<\/td><\/tr>
 Female<\/th>62 (32%)<\/td>54 (28%)<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
BMI at liver transplantation, kg\/m2<\/sup><\/th>26\u00b76 (5\u00b78)<\/td>26\u00b71 (5\u00b70)<\/td>1\u00b701 (0\u00b798\u20131\u00b705)<\/td>0\u00b750<\/td><\/tr>
High blood pressure<\/th>67\/182 (37%)<\/td>73\/190 (38%)<\/td>0\u00b798 (0\u00b764\u20131\u00b749)<\/td>0\u00b792<\/td><\/tr>
Diabetes<\/th>65\/195 (33%)<\/td>56\/196 (29%)<\/td>1\u00b723 (0\u00b781\u20131\u00b788)<\/td>0\u00b734<\/td><\/tr>
Active smoking<\/th>48\/185 (26%)<\/td>52\/184 (28%)<\/td>0\u00b787 (0\u00b754\u20131\u00b738)<\/td>0\u00b755<\/td><\/tr>
COPD<\/th>23\/196 (12%)<\/td>17\/196 (9%)<\/td>1\u00b738 (0\u00b772\u20132\u00b762)<\/td>0\u00b733<\/td><\/tr>
Chronic kidney disease<\/th>38\/196 (20%)<\/td>14\/196 (7%)<\/td>4\u00b743 (1\u00b795\u201310\u00b706)<\/td>0\u00b70004<\/td><\/tr>
Renal replacement therapy<\/th>12\/196 (6%)<\/td>3\/196 (2%)<\/td>5\u00b750 (1\u00b722\u201324\u00b781)<\/td>0\u00b7027<\/td><\/tr>
Neutropenia<\/th>5\/193 (3%)<\/td>0\/183<\/td>0\u00b700 (0\u00b700\u2013inf)<\/td>0\u00b799<\/td><\/tr>
Systemic steroid use before liver transplantation<\/th>27\/196 (14%)<\/td>16\/196 (8%)<\/td>1\u00b769 (0\u00b791\u20133\u00b713)<\/td>0\u00b710<\/td><\/tr>
Previous known Aspergillus<\/em> colonisation or infection\u2217<\/a><\/th>23\/195 (12%)<\/td>2\/195 (1%)<\/td>11\u00b750 (2\u00b771\u201348\u00b778)<\/td>0\u00b70009<\/td><\/tr>
Previous liver transplantation<\/th>25\/196 (13%)<\/td>13\/196 (7%)<\/td>2\u00b700 (1\u00b700\u20133\u00b799)<\/td>0\u00b7050<\/td><\/tr>
MELD score >30<\/th>86\/183 (47%)<\/td>46\/183 (25%)<\/td>2\u00b755 (1\u00b755\u20134\u00b717)<\/td>0\u00b70002<\/td><\/tr>
MELD score, median (IQR)<\/th>28 (17\u201339)<\/td>19 (10\u201330)<\/td>1\u00b706 (1\u00b704\u20131\u00b708)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Hepatitis B<\/th>16\/196 (8%)<\/td>12\/196 (6%)<\/td>1\u00b736 (0\u00b763\u20132\u00b797)<\/td>0\u00b744<\/td><\/tr>
Liver transplantation indications\u2020<\/a><\/th><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 Cirrhosis without acute-on-chronic liver failure<\/th>99\/195 (51%)<\/td>126\/196 (64%)<\/td>0\u00b759 (0\u00b739\u20130\u00b788)<\/td>0\u00b7010<\/td><\/tr>
 Acute-on-chronic liver failure\u00a7<\/a><\/th>41\/195 (21%)<\/td>28\/196 (14%)<\/td>1\u00b765 (0\u00b795\u20132\u00b788)<\/td>0\u00b7077<\/td><\/tr>
 Acute liver disease<\/th>49\/195 (25%)<\/td>15\/196 (8%)<\/td>4\u00b778 (2\u00b733\u20139\u00b780)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
 Acute-on-chronic liver failure 2 and 3<\/th>19\/24 (80%)<\/td>7\/16 (44%)<\/td>0\u00b700 (0\u00b700\u2013inf)<\/td>1\u00b700<\/td><\/tr>
 Acute liver failure<\/th>30\/195 (15%)<\/td>8\/196 (4%)<\/td>4\u00b767 (1\u00b793\u201311\u00b727)<\/td>0\u00b70006<\/td><\/tr>
 Hepatocellular carcinoma<\/th>38\/195 (20%)<\/td>68\/196 (35%)<\/td>0\u00b742 (0\u00b725\u20130\u00b770)<\/td>0\u00b70009<\/td><\/tr>
 Other<\/th>22\/195 (11%)<\/td>20\/196 (10%)<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td><\/tr>
Perioperative and post-operative characteristics<\/strong><\/th><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
Liver transplantation from ICU<\/th>91\/195 (47%)<\/td>43\/190 (23%)<\/td>4\u00b708 (2\u00b731\u20137\u00b715)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Liver transplantation duration, hours<\/th>6\u00b77 (2\u00b72)<\/td>6\u00b75 (2\u00b70)<\/td>1\u00b711 (0\u00b794\u20131\u00b730)<\/td>0\u00b722<\/td><\/tr>
Cold ischaemia time, min<\/th>450\u00b77 (132\u00b71)<\/td>443\u00b72 (139\u00b72)<\/td>1\u00b700 (1\u00b700\u20131\u00b700)<\/td>0\u00b771<\/td><\/tr>
Red blood cell units during liver transplantation, median (IQR)<\/th>6 (3\u201310)<\/td>4 (0\u20138)<\/td>1\u00b711 (1\u00b705\u20131\u00b716)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Red blood cell units >4 during liver transplantation<\/th>115\/182 (63%)<\/td>80\/189 (42%)<\/td>2\u00b757 (1\u00b758\u20134\u00b715)<\/td>0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
ICU hospitalisation >7 days after liver transplantation<\/th>146\/186 (79%)<\/td>93\/188 (50%)<\/td>4\u00b747 (2\u00b755\u20137\u00b782)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Mechanical ventilation >24 h<\/th>119\/188 (63%)<\/td>60\/194 (31%)<\/td>4\u00b788 (2\u00b785\u20138\u00b735)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Vasopressor support >24 h<\/th>96\/184 (52%)<\/td>39\/195 (20%)<\/td>6\u00b755 (3\u00b747\u201312\u00b735)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Post-liver transplantation renal replacement therapy<\/th>96\/191 (50%)<\/td>26\/195 (13%)<\/td>8\u00b778 (4\u00b741\u201317\u00b749)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Re-operation<\/th>63\/196 (32%)<\/td>44\/196 (22%)<\/td>1\u00b770 (1\u00b706\u20132\u00b774)<\/td>0\u00b7028<\/td><\/tr>
Re-transplantation<\/th>2\/196 (1%)<\/td>5\/196 (3%)<\/td>0\u00b725 (0\u00b703\u20132\u00b724)<\/td>0\u00b722<\/td><\/tr>
Primary graft dysfunction\u2021<\/a><\/th>42\/192 (22%)<\/td>21\/196 (11%)<\/td>2\u00b775 (1\u00b742\u20135\u00b732)<\/td>0\u00b70027<\/td><\/tr>
Rejection<\/th>19\/193 (10%)<\/td>20\/195 (10%)<\/td>0\u00b795 (0\u00b750\u20131\u00b781)<\/td>0\u00b787<\/td><\/tr>
Bacterial infection\u00b6<\/a><\/th>160\/187 (86%)<\/td>105\/195 (54%)<\/td>5\u00b762 (3\u00b711\u201310\u00b713)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Yeast infection\u00b6<\/a><\/th>45\/188 (24%)<\/td>10\/188 (5%)<\/td>5\u00b713 (2\u00b740\u201310\u00b793)<\/td><0\u00b70001<\/td><\/tr>
Cytomegalovirus infection or disease||<\/a><\/th>53\/190 (28%)<\/td>49\/194 (25%)<\/td>1\u00b793 (1\u00b724\u20133\u00b700)<\/td>0\u00b70034<\/td><\/tr>
Antimould prophylaxis<\/th>59\/196 (30%)<\/td>45\/196 (23%)<\/td>1\u00b764 (0\u00b796\u20132\u00b778)<\/td>0\u00b7069<\/td><\/tr>
 Caspofungin<\/th>33 (56%)<\/td>19 (42%)<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td><\/tr>
 Micafungin<\/th>18 (31%)<\/td>21 (47%)<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td><\/tr>
 Amphotericin B<\/th>5 (9%)<\/td>3 (7%)<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td><\/tr>
 Voriconazole<\/th>3 (5%)<\/td>2 (4%)<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td>\u00b7\u00b7<\/td><\/tr>
Immunosuppressive regimen<\/th><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 Tacrolimus<\/th>172\/193 (89%)<\/td>185 (94%)<\/td>0\u00b744 (0\u00b719\u20131\u00b702)<\/td>0\u00b7056<\/td><\/tr>
 Mycophenolate mofetil<\/th>187\/193 (97%)<\/td>189 (96%)<\/td>1\u00b717 (0\u00b739\u20133\u00b747)<\/td>0\u00b778<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Data are n (%), n\/N (%), or OR (95% CI) ACLF=acute on chronic liver failure. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ICU=intensive care unit. inf=infinite. MELD=Model for End-stage Liver Disease. OR=odds ratio.\u2217
Screening for colonisation was not systematically done in patients and the absence of colonisation does not imply that the patient was sampled.\u2020
Two indications can be associated in one patient.\u2021
Primary graft dysfunction was defined as the presence of one or more of the following postoperative laboratory values: bilirubin \u226510 mg\/100 mL on day 7, international normalised radio \u22651\u00b76 on day 7, and alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase >2000 IU\/L within the first 7 days.15<\/sup><\/a>\u00a7
All patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, regardless of the stage.\u00b6
Bacterial and yeast infection can occur within 1-year post-transplantation, regardless of the development of invasive aspergillosis.||
Cytomegalovirus infection and disease were grouped into a single variable because it was not possible to retrospectively classify cytomegalovirus syndromes correctly.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Table 2. Invasive aspergillosis characteristics<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Empty Cell<\/td>Cases (n=196)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Location of invasive aspergillosis<\/th><\/td><\/tr>
 Lower respiratory tract only<\/th>158\/196 (81%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Disseminated\u2217<\/a><\/th>31\/196 (16%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Lower respiratory tract<\/th>23\/31 (74%)<\/td><\/tr>
 CNS<\/th>19\/31 (61%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Cardiovascular system\u2020<\/a><\/th>11\/31 (36%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Other\u2021<\/a><\/th>13\/31 (42%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Extrapulmonary single-site locations\u00a7<\/a><\/th>7\/196 (4%)<\/td><\/tr>
Vascular complications of invasive aspergillosis\u00b6<\/a><\/th>10\/195 (5%)<\/td><\/tr>
Thoracic CT scans<\/th>169\/196 (86%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Pleural effusion<\/th>114\/169 (68%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Pulmonary condensation<\/th>100\/169 (59%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Nodule<\/th>83\/169 (49%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Excavated nodules<\/th>6\/83 (7%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Ground glass opacities<\/th>73\/169 (43%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Halo sign||<\/a><\/th>14\/169 (8%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Air crescent sign<\/th>6\/169 (4%)<\/td><\/tr>
Biology at diagnosis<\/th><\/td><\/tr>
 Neutrophils, g\/L<\/th>7\u00b73 (3\u00b70\u201311\u00b77)<\/td><\/tr>
 C-reactive protein, mg\/L<\/th>64\u00b70 (27\u00b70\u2013109\u00b76)<\/td><\/tr>
 Creatinine, \u03bcmol\/L<\/th>114\u00b70 (69\u00b78\u2013186\u00b75)<\/td><\/tr>
 Bilirubin, \u03bcmol\/L<\/th>49\u00b73 (14\u00b70\u2013160\u00b78)<\/td><\/tr>
 Alanine aminotransferase, UI\/L<\/th>86\u00b70 (24\u00b75\u2013214\u00b75)<\/td><\/tr>
 Aspartate aminotransferase, UI\/L<\/th>54\u00b70 (24\u00b70\u2013165\u00b70)<\/td><\/tr>
 Albumin <30 g\/100 mL<\/th>84\/148 (57%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Prothrombin time, %<\/th>69\u00b70% (55\u00b70\u201385\u00b70)<\/td><\/tr>
 Fibrinogen, g\/L<\/th>3\u00b73 (2\u00b72\u20134\u00b71)<\/td><\/tr>
Isolation of Aspergillus<\/em> species<\/th><\/td><\/tr>
 None<\/th>38\/196 (19%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Aspergillus fumigatus<\/em><\/th>140\/158 (89%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Aspergillus flavus<\/em><\/th>6\/158 (4%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Aspergillus niger<\/em><\/th>5\/158 (3%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Other Aspergillus<\/em> spp<\/th>13\/158 (8%)<\/td><\/tr>
 More than one Aspergillus<\/em> spp isolated<\/th>6\/158 (4%)<\/td><\/tr>
Voriconazole MIC >1 \u03bcg\/\u03bcL<\/th>0\/47<\/td><\/tr>
Positive galactomannan (\u22651) in serum<\/th>70\/161 (44%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Galactomannan level in serum, index<\/th>2\u00b798 (1\u00b77\u20134\u00b73)<\/td><\/tr>
Positive galactomannan (\u22651) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid<\/th>65\/97 (67%)<\/td><\/tr>
Positive Aspergillus fumigatus<\/em> PCR in serum<\/th>16\/32 (50%)<\/td><\/tr>
Positive Aspergillus fumigatus<\/em> PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid<\/th>33\/44 (75%)<\/td><\/tr>
Detection of acute septate hyphae in histology<\/th>19\/29 (66%)<\/td><\/tr>
Fungal co-infection<\/th>15\/196 (8%)<\/td><\/tr>
Location of co-infection<\/th><\/td><\/tr>
 Lower respiratory tract<\/th>7\/14 (50%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Intra-abdominal infection<\/th>4\/14 (29%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Fungemia and\/or catheter infection<\/th>2\/14 (14%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Disseminated infection<\/th>1\/14 (7%)<\/td><\/tr>
Identified co-infection species<\/th><\/td><\/tr>
 Candida<\/em> spp\u2217\u2217<\/a><\/th>6\/15 (40%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Mucorales<\/em><\/th>3\/15 (20%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Scedosporium apiospermum<\/em><\/th>1\/15 (7%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Paecilomyces<\/em> spp<\/th>1\/15 (7%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Exophiala<\/em> spp<\/th>1\/15 (7%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/em><\/th>3\/15 (20%)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Data are n\/N (%) or median (IQR). MIC=minimum inhibitory concentration.\u2217
Some patients had infection in several locations (each one is counted).\u2020
Cardiovascular infections were: six infectious endocarditis (including two patients with positive heart valve culture), two pericarditis (positive pericardial fluid culture), and two patients with positive myocardial biopsy. For one patient, the information was missing.\u2021
Other locations were: kidney (four [13%]), skin and soft tissues (four [13%]), liver (three [10%]), and osteoarticular (two [6%]).\u00a7
Single-site locations were intra-abdominal (three [43%]), sinus (three [43%]), and osteoarticular (one [14%]).\u00b6
Vascular complications were thrombosis (six [3%] of 194), aneurysm (two [1%] of 195), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (two [1%] of 195).||
Among these patients, one presented with neutropenia.\u2217\u2217
Excluding isolation of\u00a0Candida<\/em>\u00a0spp in pulmonary samples other than biopsy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Table 3. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Empty Cell<\/td>Cases (n=196)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Antifungal first-line treatment\u2217<\/a><\/th>187\/196 (95%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Length of antifungal treatment, days<\/th>36\u00b70 (21\u00b70\u201386\u00b70)<\/td><\/tr>
 Treatment duration among patients alive at 3 months<\/th>66\u00b70 (31\u00b73\u2013149\u00b70)<\/td><\/tr>
 Monotherapy<\/th>175\/187 (94%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Voriconazole<\/th>96\/187 (51%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Isavuconazole\u2020<\/a><\/th>19\/187 (10%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Other azole\u2021<\/a><\/th>1\/187 (1%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Caspofungin<\/th>25\/187 (13%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Micafungin<\/th>12\/187 (6%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Amphotericin B<\/th>22\/187 (12%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Combined therapy<\/th>12\/187 (6%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Azole and echinocandin<\/th>8\/187 (4%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Azole and amphotericin B<\/th>3\/187 (2%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Echinocandin and amphotericin B<\/th>1\/187 (1%)<\/td><\/tr>
Surgical treatment<\/th>18\/196 (9%)<\/td><\/tr>
Immunosuppressive treatment modification<\/th>78\/190 (41%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Drug decrease\u00a7<\/a><\/th>37\/190 (20%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Tacrolimus<\/th>21\/190 (11%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Systemic corticosteroids<\/th>9\/190 (5%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Mycophenolate mofetil<\/th>6\/190 (3%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Other<\/th>3\/190 (2%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Drug discontinuation\u00a7<\/a><\/th>48\/190 (25%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Mycophenolate mofetil<\/th>24\/190 (13%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Tacrolimus<\/th>20\/190 (11%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Systemic corticosteroids<\/th>10\/190 (5%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Modification of at least two drugs<\/th>17\/190 (9%)<\/td><\/tr>
Secondary prophylaxis<\/th>16\/121 (13%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Posaconazole<\/th>7\/121 (6%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Itraconazole<\/th>4\/121 (3%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Isavuconazole<\/th>3\/121 (3%)<\/td><\/tr>
 Voriconazole<\/th>2\/121 (2%)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Data are n\/N (%) or median (IQR).\u2217
Nine patients did not receive any treatment, mostly due to death before the results of the investigations.\u2020
Isavuconazonium.\u2021
The other azole was itraconazole (one [0\u00b75%]).\u00a7
Some patients had several drug modifications (each one is counted)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interpretation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This study identifies three patient populations at risk of invasive aspergillosis after liver transplantation: patients with history of chronic kidney disease, those who have received a transplant for acute liver disease, and those who had a post-operative period marked by organ failure. This identification could lead to new invasive aspergillosis prophylactic strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Funding<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

None.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Articles Invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant rec […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[32,23],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30823"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30823"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30824,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30823\/revisions\/30824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}