{"id":30095,"date":"2026-04-08T04:44:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T20:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/?p=30095"},"modified":"2026-04-08T05:06:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T21:06:15","slug":"lancet-infect-dis%e5%8f%91%e5%b8%83%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e7%9c%9f%e8%8f%8c%e5%ad%a6%e5%ad%a6%e4%bc%9a%e4%b8%a5%e9%87%8d%e7%9c%9f%e8%8f%8c%e7%97%85%e8%af%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/?p=30095","title":{"rendered":"[Lancet Infect Dis\u53d1\u5e03\u6307\u5357]\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u771f\u83cc\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u771f\u83cc\u75c5\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u63a8\u8350\u610f\u89c1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Review<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"screen-reader-main-title\">British Society for Medical Mycology best practice recommendations for the diagnosis of serious fungal diseases: 2025 update<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"screen-reader-main-title\">Silke\u00a0Schelenz,\u00a0Alireza\u00a0Abdolrasouli,\u00a0Darius\u00a0Armstrong-James, et al<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"screen-reader-main-title\">Lancet Infect Dis Available online 10 November 2025<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"screen-reader-main-title\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00550-X<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The fungal diagnostic landscape is evolving; whereas previously, traditional culture-based methods dominated, most invasive fungal disease is now diagnosed with non-culture-based tests, including direct microscopy, antigen, antibody, and molecular assays, supported by histopathology and radiology. Access to and turnaround time of diagnostic tests and their clinical implementation varies across the UK. The British Society for Medical Mycology convened an expert group to update its 2015 best practice guidance. Guidance on histopathology and radiology investigations remain unchanged from the 2015 standards of care. For each mycological test, we include test-specific commentaries and accompanying tables, with expected turnaround times (sample collection to reporting). Based on recent evidence, new or stronger recommendations include use of\u00a0<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>\u00a0PCR; 1,3-\u03b2-D-glucan testing for suspected invasive candidiasis and\u00a0<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>\u00a0pneumonia; higher volume respiratory sample cultures;\u00a0<em>Aspergillus<\/em>\u00a0antigen or antibody-based testing in expanded clinically vulnerable populations, including patients in intensive care units and patients with chronic respiratory disease (including asthma); use of\u00a0<em>Candida<\/em>\u00a0PCR and Mucorales PCR in specific contexts; pan-fungal PCR and DNA sequencing for fungal identification from positive microscopy or histopathology specimens; and inclusion of posaconazole and isavuconazole in therapeutic antifungal monitoring recommendations. We discuss integration of diagnostic tests with antifungal stewardship and common clinical scenarios. Although recommendations focus on adults and UK practice, use in paediatric populations and worldwide applicability is discussed. Recommendations are presented as auditable standards to facilitate implementation and quality improvement measures. An emphasis on integration of combined diagnostics with antifungal stewardship and clinical pathways extends guideline relevance beyond microbiology laboratories to clinicians investigating patients with multimorbidity and suspected fungal disease within increasingly complex health-care systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S147330992500550X-gr1_lrg.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S147330992500550X-gr2_lrg.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Panel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Microbiology best practice recommendations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Clinical requests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All test requests should state whether and how the patient is immunocompromised, as per 2015 best practice<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#bib2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reporting to clinicians<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All key positive results (including positive blood cultures, positive microscopy on deep specimens, and positive antigen or molecular tests) should be actively communicated to clinical staff within 2 h<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Microbiology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Specimen collection and processing<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Samples should preferably be collected from the infected site before antifungal therapy is started<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Laboratory should apply mycology-specific methods for processing samples\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Consider spinning fluids and do not grind tissues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Direct microscopic examination<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Direct microscopy is recommended for all tissues and fluids from normally sterile sites using an adequate stain\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022The use of optical brighteners (eg, Calcofluor\u2013White) should be considered for rapid direct microscopy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022For the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid, antigen testing can substitute for India ink microscopy, if done rapidly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Direct microscopy from non-sterile sites (eg, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [BALF]) is recommended where patients are being investigated for invasive fungal infections<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Direct microscopy for fungi on samples from normally sterile sites should be available within 2\u20134 h from arrival in the laboratory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Fungal culture and identification, storage of isolates<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Mycology-specific, standardised operative procedures are recommended for the culture of fungi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022To enhance the sensitivity for the detection of fungi in blood cultures, a minimum of 60 mL blood (adults) should be obtained<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022High volume culture of respiratory samples (&gt;100 \u03bcL) should be applied on all patients at risk of fungal infection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022All fungi (yeasts and moulds) isolated from sterile sites and moulds from the lung should be identified to the species level\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022If&nbsp;<em>Cryptococcus<\/em>&nbsp;is suspected, yeasts should also be identified from respiratory samples<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Yeasts cultured from urine specimens from patients at high risk of infection (in critical care or immunocompromised) should be identified to genus or species level<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Fungal cultures should be reported by the genus and species (common yeasts) or species or complex name (rare yeasts and moulds)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Yeasts from normally sterile sites or those that exhibit an unusual resistance profile should be stored for 3 months<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Mould cultures should be kept until full identification and antifungal susceptibility testing (when applicable) are completed or 3\u20136 months\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022In suspected outbreak, yeast or mould isolates are advised to be stored for at least 3 months<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Susceptibility testing<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Antifungal susceptibility testing should be routinely performed on all fungal isolates suspected of being the cause of a severe, deep-seated, or life-threatening invasive infection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Testing should also be done if the fungal infection is refractory to treatment or a breakthrough infection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Species level identification followed by susceptibility testing is recommended if antifungal therapy is being administered<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Fungal biomarkers and antigens<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Test for cryptococcal antigen on all cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patient groups at high risk of infection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Serum galactomannan should be performed whenever invasive aspergillosis is suspected, notably among patients in medical intensive care and those who are immunocompromised\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Active galactomannan surveillance in new groups at risk (eg, people with influenza, COVID-19, or interstitial lung disease) is required as clinical and radiological features of invasive aspergillosis are non-descript<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Although serum galactomannan in patients without neutropenia might have reduced sensitivity, specificity remains good<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022BALF galactomannan should be performed in the same groups as for serum, and in patients with complex respiratory conditions with an uncertain diagnosis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Serum 1,3-\u03b2-d-glucan (BDG) should be performed in patients with suspected of invasive candidiasis or\u00a0<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>\u00a0pneumonia\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022It might be of value in supporting a diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Serum BDG provides good sensitivity for the diagnosis of&nbsp;<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>&nbsp;pneumonia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022The negative predictive value of BDG is typically sufficient to exclude invasive yeast and&nbsp;<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>, but positivity should be combined with additional mycological testing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Serology (fungal specific IgE, IgG)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022All individuals newly diagnosed with asthma should be screened for&nbsp;<em>A fumigatus<\/em>&nbsp;sensitisation using a fungus-specific IgE or allergy skin testing including&nbsp;<em>Aspergillus<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Patients with one or more pulmonary cavities should be tested for\u00a0<em>Aspergillus<\/em>\u00a0IgG\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022<em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;IgG is the key assay for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and might be positive in invasive aspergillosis, especially in patients without neutropenia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Molecular diagnostics<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>\u00a0PCR should be done in BALF from all patients who are immunocompromised and might also be useful in (induced) sputum and endotracheal and upper respiratory tract specimens\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Nasopharyngeal PCR specimens in young children with possible&nbsp;<em>Pneumocystis pneumonia<\/em>&nbsp;are usually the only means of establishing the diagnosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Combining serum BDG and&nbsp;<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>&nbsp;PCR is useful for both confirming and excluding&nbsp;<em>Pneumocystis<\/em>&nbsp;pneumonia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022<em>Aspergillus<\/em>\u00a0PCR should be performed on respiratory (particularly deep) samples where any form of aspergillosis is suspected\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022<em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;PCR testing of blood can be considered, alongside galactomannan in patients at high risk of invasive aspergillosis (eg, patients with neutropenia)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022A positive&nbsp;<em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;PCR combined with positive galactomannan usually confirms the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, and if both negative, rules it out<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Mucorales PCR should be considered in patients at high risk where there is clinical evidence of invasive fungal disease, particularly if other causes (eg, aspergillosis) have been excluded\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Dual Mucorales and&nbsp;<em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;infections are increasingly documented in patients with neutropenic and patients with rhinosinusitis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Mucorales PCR on BALF can both confirm and exclude pulmonary disease, whereas PCR on blood and tissue can confirm, but not necessarily exclude disease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Where available,&nbsp;<em>Candida<\/em>&nbsp;PCR should be combined with serum BDG for testing of patients at high risk of invasive disease (eg, patients in intensive care units with several risk factors)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Pan-fungal PCR should be used for specimens for which there is histopathological evidence of invasive fungal infection\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022If the PCR is positive, sequencing should be applied for fungal speciation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Recommendations for TDM apply as per previous best practice, with possible modifications for isavuconazole TDM in patients in intensive care units and potentially both isavuconazole and posaconazole in those on long-term therapy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#bib78\"><sup>78<\/sup><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Routine posaconazole TDM is not required in most individuals taking the tablet or intravenous formulations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Histopathology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Recommendations for histology testing apply as per previous best practice<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#bib2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Reporting standards were described in detail in 2015, including telephoning positive results to clinicians<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Conduct standard and triple specialised stains on all tissue, if fungal disease is suspected<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#bib2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Additional specialised stains, such as mucicarmine, for suspected cryptococcosis and Fontana Masson for dematiaceous moulds should be considered and have been added in the 2025 guidance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Request all stains immediately (ie, do not delay until haematoxylin and eosin sections have been viewed) on tissue from immunocompromised patients who are suspected of fungal disease<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#bib2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Radiology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Recommendations for radiology apply as per previous best practice<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#bib2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Patients with leukaemia and allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with any suspicion of invasive fungal infection should have a CT scan of the chest within 48 h<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Patients who are immunocompromised with any neurological features should have an MRI scan of the brain within 48 h<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022Patients with suspected invasive paranasal sinus fungal infection (including mucormycosis) should have a non-contrast CT scan of the sinuses within 48 h\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Consider also imaging sinuses and brain in those treated with ibrutinib<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Clinical management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022Clinical recommendations apply as per previous best practice<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#bib2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022All intravascular devices should be removed promptly if clinically feasible after diagnosis of candidaemia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"spara50\">Table.&nbsp;Scope of the 2025 and 2015 recommendations by topic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>Empty Cell<\/td><th colspan=\"2\"><strong>Inclusion of guidance<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Comment<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Location within this Review<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Empty Cell<\/td><th>2015<\/th><th>2025<\/th><td>Empty Cell<\/td><td>Empty Cell<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Radiology<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>2015 guidance broadly unchanged<\/td><td>Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Histopathology reporting<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>2015 guidance largely unchanged apart from the additional guidance on mucicarmine and Fontana Masson<\/td><td>Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clinical requests and reporting<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Updated with a focus on turnaround time and antifungal stewardship<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 17, 27<\/a>; Review pp 10, 11<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cryptococcal antigen<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>2015 guidance undated to include bronchoalveolar lavage testing<\/td><td>Panel p 5; Review p 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clinical management<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Main addition is handling of intravenous catheters<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 20\u201322<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Paediatric patients<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Assay performance data summarised<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 9, 26<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Direct microscopy<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Updated, with emphasis on fluorescent brightener use<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 1<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fungal culture<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes=<\/td><td>Updated with focus on mycology-specific procedures, including handling of different samples and high-volume respiratory cultures<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Apendix pp 2\u20135<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fungus identification<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Updated: MALDI ToF, reporting nomenclature, and guidance on when to speciate yeasts<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 5, 6<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Susceptibility testing<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Updated with additional methodological advice, and use of anidulafungin for all echinocandin testing<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 6, 7<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1,3-\u03b2-d-glucan testing<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Updated and expanded<\/td><td>Review pp 4, 6, 7; Panel p 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;antigen<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Updated with more cutoff data and mention of lateral flow devices<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 17, 20, 26, 27<\/a>; Review p 7; Panel p 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Histoplasma<\/em>&nbsp;antigen<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Brief mention<\/td><td>Review p 7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Candida<\/em>&nbsp;antigen<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Brief mention<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 28<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Pneumocystis<\/em>&nbsp;PCR<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Major update<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 7, 25, 30<\/a>; Review p 8; Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;PCR<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Assay performance and utility<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 25<\/a>; Review p 8; Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Candida<\/em>&nbsp;PCR<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Assay performance and utility<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 25<\/a>, Review p 9; Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mucorales PCR<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Assay performance and utility<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 25<\/a>; Review p 9; Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pan-fungal identification<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>For unfixed or fixed tissue<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 25<\/a>; Review p 9; Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Quality of evidence summary<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Primarily for molecular diagnostics<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 25<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global adaptation for high-income to low-income economies<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>To distinguish essential tests for all laboratories from those recommended for referral centre and specialised laboratories<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix pp 30\u201332<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;IgG antibody<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Expanded slightly, much additional data published<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 30<\/a>; Panel p 6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Aspergillus<\/em>&nbsp;IgE antibody<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Expanded slightly<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 31<\/a>; Panel p 6; Review pp 7, 8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Candida<\/em>&nbsp;antibody<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Brief mention<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 28<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recommendations including children<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Blood cultures, non-culture tests, fungal biomarkers<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 26<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Therapeutic drug monitoring<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Inclusion of isavuconazole; the 2014 British Society of Medical Mycology guidance is in the process of being updated<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 28<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External quality assurance schemes<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>New addition<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 29<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Turnaround time<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Updated in detail, including reporting positives to clinicians within 2 h for tests diagnosing invasive fungal infections<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147330992500550X#sec1\">Appendix p 27<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Review British Society for Medical Mycology best practi 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