{"id":29647,"date":"2026-01-17T04:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T20:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/?p=29647"},"modified":"2026-01-17T08:02:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T00:02:31","slug":"jama-netw-open%e5%8f%91%e8%a1%a8%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%e4%b8%8e%e9%9d%a9%e5%85%b0%e9%98%b4%e6%80%a7%e8%8f%8c%e8%8f%8c%e8%a1%80%e7%97%87%e7%97%85%e6%ad%bb%e7%8e%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/?p=29647","title":{"rendered":"[JAMA Netw Open\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587]\uff1a\u5973\u6027\u4e0e\u9769\u5170\u9634\u6027\u83cc\u83cc\u8840\u75c7\u75c5\u6b7b\u7387"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Original Investigation <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infectious Diseases<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Female Sex and Mortality in Patients With Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Priscilla La, Rachel Korn, Phillip B. Cox, et al<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

JAMA Netw Open 2025;8;(11):e2543552. doi:10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.43552<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Key Points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Question<\/strong>  Are female patients with gram-negative bloodstream infection at increased risk of death relative to male patients?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Findings<\/strong>  In this systematic review and meta-analysis that included 16\u202f350 patients from 25 studies in the primary analysis, female sex was not associated with increased mortality. No patient subgroups with sex-specific differences in mortality were identified in the adjusted analyses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meaning<\/strong>  Findings suggest that in contrast to female patients with Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> bloodstream infection, those with gram-negative bloodstream infection are not at increased risk of death relative to male patients.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importance<\/strong>  Female sex has been identified as a risk factor for mortality in Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> bloodstream infection (SA-BSI). It is unknown whether this association extends to bloodstream infections with other bacterial species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Objective<\/strong>  To investigate whether female sex is associated with increased mortality risk among patients with gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data Sources<\/strong>  MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 8, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Study Selection<\/strong>  Study inclusion criteria were randomized or observational studies assessing adults with GN-BSI that included at least 100 patients and reported mortality at or before 90 days following GN-BSI, with mortality stratified by sex and, when applicable, by gram-negative bacterial species. Studies with polymicrobial GN-BSI were excluded. For inclusion in the primary analysis, studies must have stratified or statistically adjusted for confounding variables between female and male patients with GN-BSI. A secondary analysis included studies that reported sex-stratified unadjusted mortality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data Extraction and Synthesis<\/strong>  One reviewer conducted extraction and quality assessment, which was verified by a second reviewer. Risk of bias and quality were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Mortality data were combined as odds ratios (ORs). The study followed the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Main Outcome and Measures<\/strong>  Mortality at or before 90 days following GN-BSI, stratified by sex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0From 9752 studies retrieved, 25 (16\u202f350 patients; 4017 female [25%], 12\u202f333 male [75%]) were included in the primary analysis. Female patients with GN-BSI did not have increased risk of mortality relative to male patients (pooled OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.81-1.17]). No publication bias was identified. Subset analyses based on medical comorbidities, timing of mortality end point, bacterial species group, antibiotic resistance phenotype, and publication date did not reveal a set of patients with differences in sex-stratified mortality. A total of 321 studies (147\u202f810 patients) that reported unadjusted mortality were included in a secondary analysis. In this analysis, female sex was associated with decreased risk of mortality (pooled OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86-0.94]).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Conclusions and Relevance<\/strong>  In this systematic review and meta-analysis, female patients with GN-BSI were not at higher risk than male patients of mortality after statistical adjustment. GN-BSI and SA-BSI thus differ in sex-specific mortality outcomes, highlighting the need for further research into the immunological, pathophysiological, and clinical management factors that may be associated with sex disparities in SA-BSI but not in GN-BSI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Original Investigation  Infectious Diseases Female […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29647"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29647"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29911,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29647\/revisions\/29911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csccm.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}