Original Investigation  Association of VA Surgeons Expectations vs Reality of an Intraoperative Artificial Intelligence Intervention Melissa Thornton, Benjamin A. Y. Cher, Cameron Macdonald, et al JAMA Surg Published Online: January 14, 2026 doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2025.6029 Key Points Question  How can we develop a more effective approach for implementing artificial intelligence (AI)–based int...

Original Investigation  Perioperative Use of Tranexamic Acid in General Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Lucas Monteiro Delgado; Bernardo Fontel Pompeu; Gabriel Henrique Acedo Martins, et al JAMA Surg Published Online: December 17, 2025 doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2025.5498 Key Points Question  Is prophylactic tranexamic acid associated with reduced blood loss in adult patients undergoing gen...

Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics and Inspiratory Effort During Spontaneous Breathing Trials to Predict Extubation Failure in High-Risk Patients Francesco Murgolo,  Savino Spadaro,  Domenico L. Grieco, et al Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2026; 211: 2340-2351 Abstract Rationale: Conventional parameters to determine the success of spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) may fail to detect impending respiratory distress. Objectives: To ...

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Molecular Phenotypes Have Distinct Lower Respiratory Tract Transcriptomes Aartik Sarma,  Stephanie A. Christenson,  Beth Zha Shoshana, et al Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025; 211: 2352-2362 https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202407-1454OC Abstract Rationale: Two molecular phenotypes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with divergent clinical trajectories and responses to therapy have be...

EDUCATION AND CLINICAL PRACTICE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Quality of Human Expert vs Large Language Model-Generated Multiple-Choice Questions in the Field of Mechanical Ventilation Sami Safadi, Roxana Amirahmadi, Burton W. Lee, et al Chest 2025; 168: 1425-1432 Abstract Background Although mechanical ventilation (MV) is a critical competency in critical care training, standardized methods for assessing MV-related knowledge are lacking. Traditional multiple-choic...

CRITICAL CARE: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Ceftriaxone to Prevent Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Resistome Assessment (PROTECT) David J. Gagnon, Kristin M. Burkholder, Bram J. Geller, et al Chest 2025; 169: 115-127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2025.08.007  Abstract Background Antibiotic prophylaxis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces early-onset pneumonia. ...

Original Investigation  Aging and Health Changes in US Skilled Nursing Facility Capacity Following the COVID-19 Pandemic Brian E. McGarry, Andrew D. Wilcock, Ashvin D. Gandhi, et al JAMA Intern Med Published Online: January 12, 2026 doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.7197 Key Points Question  Has US skilled nursing facility (SNF) capacity changed following the COVID-19 pandemic? Findings ...

Research Letter  National Trends in Pediatric Inpatient Capacity Kenneth A. Michelson, Anna M. Cushing, Emily M. Bucholz JAMA Pediatr 2025;179;(2):208-209. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5110 Most pediatric hospitalizations occur in general hospitals, which increasingly transfer rather than hospitalize children, resulting in care concentration at large pediatric centers.1 This shift in pediatric care delivery is partly ...

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION Targeted Tissue Perfusion Versus Macrocirculatory-Guided Standard Care in Patients With Septic Shock: A Randomized Clinical Trial—The TARTARE-2S Trial Pettilä, Ville; Pfortmüller, Carmen A; Perner, Anders; et al Critical Care Medicine 54(1):p 24-34, January 2026. | DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000006899 Abstract Objectives:  To determine whether treatment targeting improving tissue perfusion while allowing lower than recommende...

Original Investigation  Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Automated External Defibrillators in Private Homes: A Report From the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival Lars W. Andersen, Mathias J. Holmberg, Eline Krijkamp, et al JAMA Intern Med 2026;186;(1):37-43. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.6123 Key Points Question  Are automated external defibrillations (AEDs) in private homes effective and co...