Original Investigation  September 19, 2023 Treatment Failure and Adverse Events After Amoxicillin-Clavulanate vs Amoxicillin for Pediatric Acute Sinusitis Timothy J. Savage, Matthew P. Kronman, Sushama Kattinakere Sreedhara, et al JAMA. 2023;330(11):1064-1073. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.15503 Key Points Question  For pediatric acute sinusitis, is amoxicillin-clavulanate associated with different rates of treatment failure or adverse e...

Triage Procedures for Critical Care Resources During the COVID-19 pandemic, several states in the U.S. used pandemic preparedness plans to guide the allocation of critical resources in times of crisis. These state-specific plans varied in the factors used to triage patients. Some encountered significant scrutiny from advocacy groups due to concerns about potential discrimination. A study assessed the role of comorbidities and long-term prognosis in state triage ...

Review  October 18, 2023 Defining a High-Quality and Effective Morbidity and Mortality Conference: A Systematic Review Brendin R. Beaulieu-Jones, Spencer Wilson, Daniel S. Howard, et al JAMA Surg. Published online October 18, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.4672 Key Points Question  What format, design, and other attributes of a morbidity and mortality conference (MMC) appear to best advance its stated objectives related to quali...

CHEST INFECTIONS: ORIGINAL RESEARCH| VOLUME 164, ISSUE 3, P625-636, SEPTEMBER 2023 Valaciclovir for Epstein-Barr Virus Suppression in Moderate-to-Severe COPD: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Dermot A. Linden, Hong Guo-Parke, Michael C. McKelvey, et al Chest 2023; 164: 625-636 Open Access Published:March 31, 2023 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.040 Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) frequently is measured at high levels in ...

Thiamine for Renal Protection in Septic Shock Kidney injury frequently occurs in patients with septic shock and is linked to worse clinical outcomes. Administering thiamine (vitamin B1) as part of a mitochondrial resuscitation strategy might help mitigate septic kidney injury. Thiamine is crucial for aerobic respiration, and thiamine can lead to organ dysfunction. Because the kidney contains a high concentration of mitochondria and relies on thiamine for mitocho...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Trial of Vancomycin and Cefazolin as Surgical Prophylaxis in Arthroplasty Trisha N. Peel, Sarah Astbury, Allen C. Cheng, et al N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1488-1498DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2301401 Abstract BACKGROUND The addition of vancomycin to beta-lactam prophylaxis in arthroplasty may reduce surgical-site infections; however, the efficacy and safety are unclear. METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, superiority, placebo-controlled t...

Research Venous thromboembolism with use of hormonal contraception and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: nationwide cohort study Amani Meaidi, Annamaria Mascolo, Maurizio Sessa, et al BMJ 2023; 382 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-074450 (Published 06 September 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;382:e074450 Abstract Objective To study the influence of concomitant use of hormonal contraception and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the...

Original Investigation  October 17, 2023 Effects of the Million Hearts Model on Myocardial Infarctions, Strokes, and Medicare Spending: A Randomized Clinical Trial Laura Blue, Keith Kranker, Amanda R. Markovitz, et al JAMA. 2023;330(15):1437-1447. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.19597 Key Points Question  Did the Million Hearts Model, which encouraged and paid for cardiovascular risk assessment and reduction, reduce the incidence of first-...

Research Food additive emulsifiers and risk of cardiovascular disease in the NutriNet-Santé cohort: prospective cohort study Laury Sellem, Bernard Srour, Guillaume Javaux, et al BMJ 2023; 382 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-076058 (Published 06 September 2023)Cite this as: BMJ 2023;382:e076058 Abstract Objective To assess the associations between exposure to food additive emulsifiers and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design Prospe...

Atrial Fibrillation in the ICU Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia. Research has consistently shown that AF heightens the risk of adverse outcomes in hospitalised and outpatient populations. Data suggests that newly developed AF (NAF) is common among critically ill patients, negatively impacting both short- and long-term outcomes, including prolonged hospitalisation and a greater risk of stroke and death. Treatment options are available to ma...